Measurement of the Charge of an Electron Presented by John Cole Experiment Conducted by John Cole, Sarmadi Almecki, and Pirouz Shamszad.

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Presentation transcript:

Measurement of the Charge of an Electron Presented by John Cole Experiment Conducted by John Cole, Sarmadi Almecki, and Pirouz Shamszad

Abstract

Theory Fundamental Charge Townsend Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment

Transistor Theory I c = A[e qV b /kT –1]I c = collector current q = charge (eV) V b = base voltage of the transistor K = Boltzman’s Constant ( x eV K -1 ) T = temperature in Kelvins

Ohm’s Law V = I RV = voltage (eV) I = current (amps) R = resistance (ohms)

Combining the Equations V rc = Be qV b /kT Approximates for the specific voltage greater than 1/40 V

Experimental Setup NPN transistor 2N  10 turn potentiometer Voltage source Voltmeter (base) Voltmeter (rc) Resistors

Experimental Setup Temperature was varied in the second part using a heat pump & refrigeration device. Transistor leads were extended so that it could be remotely placed in the temperature controlling device. Mercury thermometer monitored temperature

Procedure Part I Voltage was varied using the potentiometer Constant Temperature, Varying Voltage Data was recorded at K

Procedure Part II Constant Voltage, Varying Temperature Temperature was adjusted via heat pump / refrigerator Data was recorded T

Part I: Varying Potential Log Scale Logarithmic Scale plotted using gnuplot software

Part I: Non Log Scale

Interpretation: Part I Slope = q/kt Slope value found using method of least squares Slop value = / Using the equation V rc = Be qV b /kT k and t are constants, solved for q Fundamental Charge of an Electron e-19 C +/ e-21 C

Part II: Log Scale

Part II: Non Log Scale

Interpretation: Part II Slope found using method of least squares Value of / slope = qV b /k Fundamental Charge of an Electron e-19 C +/ e-21 C

Error Voltmeters »Vc = 1/100 V »Vb = 1/1000 V Statistical Limitations limited data Thermometer Single Degree Accuracy Resistor }} accurate to only 2%

Conclusion e-19 C +/ e-21 C e-19 C +/ e-21 C Part I : Part II: Average e-19C +/ e-21C

Improvement More Accurate Equipment More independent sets of data for statistical improvement Attention to detail in circuit construction Different Transistors