Heat Engines C ontents: Basic Concept Carnot cycle Energy flow Solving problems Whiteboards Heat Pumps Whiteboard.

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Presentation transcript:

Heat Engines C ontents: Basic Concept Carnot cycle Energy flow Solving problems Whiteboards Heat Pumps Whiteboard

Heat engines TOC Turn heat to work Demo - The little engine that could (explode)

Energy Flow Q h - Heat that flows from boiler T h - Temperature K of boiler W - Work done by engine Q c - Heat that flows to condenser T c - Temperature K of condenser c c Q h = Q c + W Explain:

solution 48.0 J, or 33.1 % Example: A heat engine consumes 145 J of heat and wastes 97.0 J. What work does it do, and what is its efficiency?

0.224 = (Qh – 615)/Qh, OR 615/(1-e) = W/e 178 J, 793 J Example: A heat engine is 22.4% efficient. If it wastes heat at a rate of 615 W, A. At what (Watt?) rate does it do useful work? B. At what rate does it consume heat from the boiler?

Energy Flow in heat engines 1-6 TOC

Q h = Q c + W, Q h = 85 J, Q c = 60. J, W = ??? 25.0 J, or 29.4% Gotelit Andamantan has a heat engine that uses 85.0 J of heat from the boiler, and wastes 60.0 J of heat. A. What amount of work does the engine do? B. What is the efficiency of the engine?

Q h = Q c + W, Q h = 995 J, Q c = ???, W = 742 W Treat Watts the same as work, only it is a rate of work (J/s) 253 W, or 74.6% Ms Ribble has a steam engine that puts out work at a rate of 742 W, and consumes heat from the boiler at a rate of 995 W. A. At what (Watt) rate does heat flow to the condenser? (Wasted) B. What is the efficiency of the engine?

solution 849 W, or 26.5 % Miss Direction has a heat engine that wastes heat at a rate of 624 W, and does work at a rate of 225 W. A. At what (Watt?) rate does it consume heat from the boiler? B. What is the efficiency of the engine?

solution 271 J, 241 J Hugh Jass has a heat engine that is 53.0 % efficient, and consumes 512 J of heat from the boiler. A. What work does it do? B. What heat does it waste?

Q h = Q c + W, Q h = ??? J, Q c = 23 J, W = 34 J 1927 W, 2040 W Mr. Fye’s heat engine is 5.54 % efficient. If it does work as a rate of 113 Watts A. at what rate does it waste heat B. at what rate does it consume heat from the boiler?

Q h = Q c + W, Q h = ??? J, Q c = 23 J, W = 34 J 6.38 J, 18.4 J Mr. Meaner’s heat engine is 34.7% efficient. If it wastes 12.0 J of heat, A. what work does it do, and B. what heat does it pull from the boiler?

Carnot Cycle Maximum efficiency possible:

Carnot Efficiency c c Example: A heat engine operates at its Carnot efficiency. (i.e. it Carnot be more efficient) between the temperatures of 415 o C and 303 o C, doing work at a rate of 320. W. What is its efficiency, at what rate does heat flow from the boiler, and at what rate is heat wasted? 1970 W, 1650 W

Carnot efficiency 11 | 2 | 3 | 42 TOC

efficiency = T h - T c T h (Carnot cycle) T h = K, T c = K, efficiency = ??? efficiency =.0714 or 7.14%.0714 or 7.14% Amanda Huggenkis operates a Sterling engine between the temperatures of 35.0 o C and 13.0 o C. What is the maximum theoretical efficiency she can achieve? (Carnot efficiency)

efficiency = Q h - Q c Q h Q h - Q c = W = 134 J, Q c = ???, Q h = ???, efficiency = Q h = 1876 J, = Q c = 1742 J 1876 J, and 1742 is wasted Amanda Huggenkis operates a Sterling engine between the temperatures of 35.0 o C and 13.0 o C. If the engine is to do 134 J of work, what heat must flow from the high temperature, and what heat is wasted? Hint - we already know that efficiency =

efficiency = T h - T c T h (Carnot cycle) T h = ??, T c = 285 K, efficiency =.35 T h = 438 K = 440 K 440 K Kahn and Stan Tinople have a heat engine with a Carnot efficiency of 0.35, if the low temperature is 285 K, what must be the high temperature? (Assume Carnot efficiency)

Q h = Q c T h = T c (Carnot cycle) Q h = J, Q c = 41 J, T c = K, T h = ??? T h = 472 K = 199 o C 472 K or 199 o C Olive Hughe has a heat engine that does 25.0 J of work, and wastes 41.0 J of heat during a cycle. If the low temperature is 20.0 o C, what must be the high temperature in Celsius? (Assume Carnot efficiency)

Heat Pumps

Example: A refrigerator has a temperature of o C in its ice box, and operates in a room where the temperature is 28.0 o C. What work does the compressor need to do to make 100. J flow from the ice box to the room? What heat is exhausted to the room? (assume Carnot efficiency) 19.4 J, J

Heat Pumps Does a heat pump really have an efficiency more than 1?

Heat Pumps 11| 2

Q h = Q c T h = T c (Carnot cycle) Q h = J, Q c = ??, T h = K, T h = K Q c = J = 1130 J, W = = 66 J 66.2 J, 1130 J Eliza Lott has an air conditioner that operates between the temperature of 18.0 o C (inside the house) and 35.0 o C (outside the house). If the air conditioner pumps J of heat outside, how much work did it do, and how much heat was removed from the house? (assume Carnot efficiency)

Carnot e = T h - T c = 24 - (-12) = T h (273+24) efficiency =.85( ) = = W/Q h = W/(1500 J) W = 154 J 154 J Frank Le Spekin heats his house with a heat pump, the hot side of which is inside his house at 24.0 o C, and the pump takes heat from outside which is at o C. Assuming the pump operates at 85.0% Carnot efficiency, what work does the pump do to bring J of heat into the house? (Multiply the Carnot efficiency by 0.850)