Biofuels from algae Shannon Ewanick CFR 521 April 29, 2008.

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Presentation transcript:

Biofuels from algae Shannon Ewanick CFR 521 April 29, 2008

Introduction Background Processes Conclusion

Background Uses for algae Nutrition Nori, dulse, kombu Supplements – spirulina, chorella DHA Cosmetics Fertilizer Aquaculture Pigments

Bioproducts Biodiesel Algae biodiesel has superior cold-weather properties Vegetable oil Bioethanol Butanol Methanol Hydrogen

Requirements Light CO 2 Water Inorganic nutrients Vary depending on algae Nitrates, phosphates, iron, trace elements

Farming methods

Photosynthetic surface area Surface area to volume ratio (SVR) Open (pond) system: 3-4 m 2 /m 3 Closed system m 2 /m 3 3D matrix system m 2 /m 3 Surfaces Polycarbonate (best) Acrylic Glass Polymer film

Process Algae biomass production CO 2 Nutrients Biomass recovery Extraction Water, nutrients Oil Biomass Biodiesel Bioethanol Animal feed Biogas

Algae species Many different species can be used Different species for fresh or salt water Scenedesmus dimorphus High yield but needs constant agitation Botryococcus braunii Produces long chain hydrocarbons, up to 86% of weight Thought be responsible for fossil fuel deposits Chlorophyceae spp. Produce starch granules

Productivity NREL

Challenges “High yield photoefficiency” As biomass increases light access is blocked Use small diameter tubes High capital costs Contamination by invasive species Water must be maintained at constant temp. Not enough CO 2 in atmosphere for exponential growth

Disadvantages Transfers CO 2 – doesn’t eliminate it Captured CO 2 from coal plants is released by cars Could slow progression towards alternative energy sources which might reduce CO 2 levels High water usage Nutrient sourcing

Production PetroSun: Rio Hondo, Texas 1100 acres of saltwater ponds 4.4 million gallons oil/year 110 million pounds biomass/year Solix 0.4 acre pilot plant using CO 2 from brewery Flexible plastic reactors – 50x300 ft Predict 8000 gal/acre/year

Players Greenfuel Technologies Corp. PetroSun Solix Algaelink Solazyme Valcent

Conclusions Cost of “alg-oil” becoming more reasonable as oil prices rise Best constructed in tandem with a CO 2 producer Promising “piece of the puzzle” for future transportation fuels

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