Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. www.ImageProcessingPlace.com © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals.

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Presentation transcript:

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Thermal Imaging Pseudo-color representation (Human body dispersing heat denoted by red) Operate in infrared frequency Grayscale representation (bright pixels correlate with high-temperature regions)

Radar Imaging Mountains in Southeast Tibet Operate in microwave frequency

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) kneespinehead Operate in radio frequency

visible infraredradio Comparison of Different Imaging Modalities

Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging normal cornsmut corn Operate in ultraviolet frequency

X-ray Imaging chesthead Operate in X-ray frequency

Positron Emission Tomography Operate in gamma-ray frequency

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Image Formation Model f(x,y)=i(x,y)r(x,y)+n(x,y) 0<f(x,y)<∞ 0<i(x,y)<∞ 0<r(x,y)<1 reflectance illumination Intensity – proportional to energy radiated by a physical source (“intrinsic images”) n(x,y) noise

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

3D Visualization

Image Represented by a Matrix Spatial resolution Bit-depth resolution

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Spatial Resolution

EE465: Introduction to Digital Image Processing Image Resampling

Towards Gigapixel Mega-pel Giga-pel Photographers and artists have manually or semi-automatically stitched hundreds of mega-pel pictures together to demonstrate how a giga-pel picture looks like  the power of pixels

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Commonly–used Terminology Neighbors of a pixel p=(i,j) N 4 (p)={(i-1,j),(i+1,j),(i,j-1),(i,j+1)} N 8 (p)={(i-1,j),(i+1,j),(i,j-1),(i,j+1), (i-1,j-1),(i-1,j+1),(i+1,j-1),(i+1,j+1)} Adjacency 4-adjacency: p,q are 4-adjacent if p is in the set N 4 (q) 8-adjacency: p,q are 8-adjacent if p is in the set N 8 (q) Note that if p is in N 4/8 (q), then q must be also in N 4/8 (p)

EE465: Introduction to Digital Image Processing31 Euclidean distance (2-norm) D 4 distance (city-block distance) D 8 distance (checkboard distance) Common Distance Definitions

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Image registration

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals

Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. © 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods Gonzalez & Woods Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamentals