Napoleon( ) Waterloo
Bonaparte seizes power Successful, well-known general 1799: joins conspiracy to overthrow the Directory Neutralizes enemies Assassination Bribery marginalization
Success in Italy Italy, 1796Italy, 1810
First Actions 1799: The Constitution of Year VIII 1801: Concordat with Rome, re-establishing Catholic Church 1802: Constitution of Year X Bonaparte becomes First Consul for life 1804: Constitution of Year XII proclaimed himself Emperor of the French
Jacque-Louis David
Reforms? Investment in infrastructure Continental system Public Education Code Napoleon BUT Suppression of liberties Law of 20 May 1802 Haitian Revolution ( ) Louisiana Purchase (1803)
War : Britain Balance of Power Politics 1805: Austria 1806: Prussia 1807: Russia 1808: Spain
Europe in 1805
Europe in 1809
Napoleon’s Empire in 1810
Missteps 1812: Invasion of Russia troops Marched to Moscow where they were forced to winter 1813: Battle of Nations 1814: exiled to Elba Napoleon and Russia
Minard’s Graph of Army Losses
Exile…
The Hundred Days Escaped Elba with a small contingent of men Marched to Paris unimpeded and collected an army Marched out with men and reserves Defeated, forced into exile again Died in exile on St. Helena in 1821.