Chapter 22 - Oceanography Oceanography  What percentage of the Earth is covered with water?  The scientific study of the ocean 70% covered by water 30% is covered by land

How do scientists study the ocean floor?  Sonar Satellites Deep-sea corers Magnetic recorders Robotic vehicles

Properties of Water Density  Freezing point  Boiling point  Ice is less dense than liquid water because water EXPANDS as it freezes Salt water is MORE dense than fresh water 0 o C and 32 o F 100 o C and 212 o F

Properties of Salt Water Salinity  Salinity of ocean water is  The measure of dissolved salts in water 35 grams of salt per 1000 grams of sea water……or 35 o / oo

Composition of Seawater The two most abundant ions in seawater are  Na = 30% (sodium) Cl = 55% (chlorine) NaCl is sodium chloride (table salt)

Temperature in the Oceans Mixed Layer (Surface)  Thermocline  Deep water  Most energy exchanged!!!! Rapid change in temperature Cold and no sunlight received