OCN 5401 Chapter 1 Overview Instructor: Dr. George A. Maul / X 7453.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The Whole Earth Course Chapter 9 Hydrosphere 2 The Cryosphere Instructor: Dr. George A. Maul / X 7453

Advertisements

The general equation for gravity anomaly is: where:  is the gravitational constant  is the density contrast r is the distance to the observation point.

GEF2610 Physical Oceanography Course content The physical structure and circulations of the oceans, and the physical processes influencing them. Learning.

Ocean Systems 3.1 The oceans are a connected system. 3.2

Fluids & Bernoulli’s Equation Chapter Flow of Fluids There are two types of flow that fluids can undergo; Laminar flow Turbulent flow.

D A C B z = 20m z=4m Homework Problem A cylindrical vessel of height H = 20 m is filled with water of density to a height of 4m. What is the pressure at:

Selected Problems from Chapter 1

A Voyage of Discovery Physical oceanography Instructor: Dr. Cheng-Chien LiuCheng-Chien Liu Department of Earth Sciences National Cheng Kung University.

The Physical Setting Physical oceanography Instructor: Dr. Cheng-Chien LiuCheng-Chien Liu Department of Earth Sciences National Cheng Kung University Last.

The Vast World Ocean Chapter 14, Section 1.

Warm Up 2/4 Name the Earth’s four major ocean basins.

Bathymetry of the Sea Floor

Chapter one Science Skills.

OC/GEO103 Lecture 5 Earth Structure. What’s inside the Earth? Is there really another world at the center? What is the energy for changing surface features?

E ARTHARTH EARTHEARTH. Is thE thiRd pLanet in thE sOlar systEm in terms of distance from the sUn, and the fifth largest. It is also the largest of its.

Earth’s relative motion. 1. Kepler’s 1 st law states that planetary orbits are _________________ shapes? 2. Kepler’s 2 nd law states that 2 equal intervals.

Physical Oceanography Chapter Branches of Oceanography Physical Oceanography - study of the motions of seawater, particularly waves currents and.

EVAT 554 OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE DYNAMICS FILTERING OF EQUATIONS FOR OCEAN LECTURE 10 (Reference: Peixoto & Oort, Chapter 3,8)

Physical Oceanography SACS/AAPT Spring Meeting March 29, 2003 Coastal Carolina University.

Basic dynamics ●The equations of motion and continuity Scaling

OCN 5401 Chapter 6 Effect of Earth’s Rotation Instructor: Dr. George A. Maul / X 7453.

OCN 5401 Chapter 5 Equations of Motion Instructor: Dr. George A. Maul / X 7453.

Geography 70  Basic Geodesy  Map Projections  Coordinate Systems  Scale Locating Positions on the Earth.

An example of vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and density.

OCN 5401 Chapter 2 Stratification Instructor: Dr. George A. Maul / X 7453.

Weight: 52 kg Hull Diameter: 21.3 cm Vehicle Length: 1.5 meters Depth Range: 4–200 meter (coastal model) or 1000 meter (1- km model) Speed: 0.4 m/sec.

Data for Plate Tectonics Earthquakes –World wide network for detecting nuclear tests Magnetic stripes –From World War 2 submarine detection Bathymetry.

GEOGRAPHY OF THE OCEANS – from Knauss Chapter 1 Oceans cover ~70% of the surface area of the earth. The horizontal extent of ocean basins is huge in comparison.

The Solar System Missions. planets not shown to scale >> MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePluto Mean Distance from the Sun (AU)

Oceanography Sarah Hall. Marine Biology vs. Oceanography Marine Biology is the study of life in the ocean. Oceanography is the study of the physical characteristics.

Potential temperature In situ temperature is not a conservative property in the ocean. Changes in pressure do work on a fluid parcel and changes its internal.

Chapter 11 The Oceans EQ: How are ocean floor features more spectacular than those on the continent? Standard S6E3c Describe the composition, location.

Osmosis (Revisited) Video. Density mass per volume of seawater Determined by temperature and salinity Density of seawater increases all the way to its.

 p and  surfaces are parallel =>  =  (p) Given a barotropic and hydrostatic conditions, is geostrophic current. For a barotropic flow, we have and.

1 Press ‘Ctrl-A’ © G Dear 2009 (Free to use. May not be sold) Year 12 - General.

The Solar System Missions. Comparative Planetology * The study of the similarities and dissimilarities of the constituents of the solar system. * Provides.

Mars was named after the roman god of war. Who discovered Mars? When? How? Where? A lot of people discovered Mars. On July 20,1976 discovered Mars by.

Surface and bottom topography of the oceans. How do we measure seafloor topography? Why is ocean bathymetry important? Questions:

Why ocean bathymetry?. How do we measure bathymetry? Why is ocean bathymetry important? Questions:

The Ocean Floor 14.1 The Vast World Ocean.

Chapter 14.1 The Vast World Ocean. The Blue Planet  71% of Earth’s surface is covered by the ocean.  Oceanography – the study of the ocean.

© 2002 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. BATHYMETRY New technology, such as this bathyscaphe, allows scientists to study deep-ocean basins.

Warm Up 2/5/08 Name Earth’s four main ocean basins. Name Earth’s four main ocean basins. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic Pacific, Atlantic, Indian,

For a barotropic flow, we have is geostrophic current.

Instructor: Dr. C. Charles Dong,

Measuring bathymetry Ocean depths and topography of ocean floor

Ocean Systems 3.1 The oceans are a connected system. 3.2

Oceans Introduction Chapter 23 Section 1.

Chapter 2: Earth as a System

OCEAN BASINS CHAPTER 4.

Gravity II: Gravity anomaly due to a simple-shape buried body

For a barotropic flow, we have is geostrophic current.

Mapping the Ocean Floor AND Ocean Exploration

Lecture 7 Mapping the Ocean Floor Earth’s Internal Structure

Unit 6 – Part I: Geostrophy

Ocean Topography Main Features.

Earth’s relative motion

LO: students will be able to explain why scientists use models to study scientific phenomena. S2a, S4a What’s this? Hint: I’m not a skeleton!

Topography Is the study of Earth's surface shape and features.

Properties of Seawater

Heat Transport by the Atmosphere and ocean

Assessment of the Surface Mixed Layer Using Glider and Buoy Data

Chapter 2: Earth as a System

Unit: Water and the Atmosphere

Dr. A‘kif Al_fugara Alalbayt Univerity

However Sources of heat to our planet:

Warm Up 2/6/07 Name Earth’s four main ocean basins.

Lesson 6: Exploring the Seafloor

Presentation transcript:

OCN 5401 Chapter 1 Overview Instructor: Dr. George A. Maul / X 7453

Hypsographic Data

How big is 1400 million cubic kilometers? What if we made a giant cube of the ocean? How big would it be? The average ocean volume is 1.4 x liters, or 1.4 x m 3, or 1.4 x 10 9 km 3 The average depth for the oceans is approximately 4 km. How big is the ocean? How big is that compared to a 12″diameter globe? 1000 km/6400 km = x cm/16 cm, x = 2.5cm or about 1 inch The cube root of 1.4 x 10 9 km 3 is approximately 1000 km. So we have a 1000 km 3 cube.

How big is the ocean? How big is the atmosphere?

Earth is an oblate spheroid due to rotation, and best represented mathematically by an ellipsoid. What is the size and shape of Earth? Equatorial radius = 6,378,137 m Polar radius = 6,356,752 m Satellite Altimeter

Geoid Surface Topography The geoid is a surface of equal potential energy (PE); a.k.a. an equipotential surface; a.k.a. a “level” surface. Departures of the geoid from the ellipsoid PE=m·g·h

Seafloor Topography Where is Earth’s longest mountain range?

Bathymetry – the process of determining seafloor topography

Deepsea Sediment Types Why are they different?

How deep is the Ocean? Mariana Trench Z = - 11,022 m If pressure is hydrostatic, how many atmospheres did the bathyscaphe Trieste have on its hull? Hydrostatic Equation p = -  g z where  is seawater density g is gravity z is water depth p is pressure (1 N  m -2 = 1 Pa)

Perpetual Ocean Video Ocean Surface Currents

Ocean Data Collection Note that many areas of the ocean have no in situ observations.

Pilot Charts provide general information – US Navy Publication

Research Vessels

RV Operations

Historical Instruments

What we measure Temperature Conductivity Pressure Velocity Sound speed Position Time Transparency

What we calculate Density Salinity Depth Heat Flux Volume Transport Dynamic Height Geostrophic Currents

OCN 5401 Questions? Chapter 1