Chapter 3 Section 1 World History Mrs. Deborah Thompson

The Israelites believed in one God who set down moral laws for His people. They recorded their history in the Bible.

- By 1200 B.C. great changes had taken place in the area around Mediterranean Sea because some empires had fallen and new people entered into the region. - A people called the Israelites built a kingdom in Canaan along the Mediterranean Sea in southwest Asia.

Today Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan occupy the land that was once Canaan.

The Israelite faith became the religion known today as Judaism The Israelite population was small and the religion they practiced focused on only one God. Worship of only one god is called monotheism.

Influenced Christianity And Islam Israelites spoke A language Called Hebrew. and are Called Jews today Helped shape the beliefs and practices of societies in Europe and America through their writings They wrote much of their history and religious beliefs in the Hebrew Bible. JUDAISM

Earliest Israelites The earliest Israelites were herders and traders from Mesopotamia. The Israelites believed they were descended from Abraham.

According to the Hebrew Bible: God told Abraham and his followers to leave Mesopotamia and go live in Canaan. Abraham had a son named Isaac The name means “child of the promise”. He offered Isaac as a sacrifice to prove his love of god. Isaac had a son named Jacob who was also called Israel which means“one who struggles with God.” His otherson was named Essau In return for worshipping the one true God, God promised that the land of Canaan would belong to Abraham and his descendants. Jacob’s descendants became known as Israelites

Abraham’s Journeys

Abraham’s Geneaology ABRAHAM SARAH HAGAR Isaac Esau Jacob 12 Tribes of Israel Ishmael 12 Arabian Tribes

According to the Bible, Jacob raised 12 sons whose descendants divided into 12 groups and became the 12 Tribes of Israel.

Abraham’s Journey from Ur Canaan  The “Promised Land” Israelites lived there about 100 years until a long drought began, and the crops and livestock died. Canaan  The “Promised Land” Israelites lived there about 100 years until a long drought began, and the crops and livestock died.

To survive, the Israelites went to Egypt.

Land of Goshen, Egypt Life in Egypt was not good for the Israelites because the pharaoh enslaved them and made them work on his building projects.

When the Israelites rebelled, the pharaoh ordered all baby boys born to Israelites to be thrown into the Nile River. The Bible says that one mother hid her baby on a riverbank where it was found by Pharaoh’s daughter who named him Moses.

Moses “Prince of Egypt” “Shepherd of His People”

pt

e When Moses grew up he saw a burning bush and heard a voice that he believed was God telling him to lead the Israelites out of Egypt to freedom.

Ramses II may have been the pharoah during the exodus of the Israelites. Because the pharaoh would not let the Israelites leave, God sent 10 plagues to trouble Egypt.

Plague is a disease but can also mean something that causes problems for a lot of people. The last of the 10 plagues was death to all first-born children, except those Israelites who marked their doorways with lamb’s blood. The 10 th plague convinced the pharaoh to let the Israelites leave.

Jews today celebrate a holiday called Passover to remember how God “passed over” their homes with the tenth plague and then delivered them from Egypt.

According to the Bible, after the Jews headed east out of Egypt the pharaoh tried to stop them with his armies.

The Israelites escaped when God parted the Red Sea for them and then allowed it to flow back to drown the pharaoh’s army.

The Exodus This escape from Egypt is known as the Exodus.

Moses and the 10 Commandments Israelites had to travel through the Sinai Desert, and some began to lose their faith in reaching the promised land.

The Bible says that Moses went to the top of Mt. Sinai and received the laws from God which became the foundation for the Torah.

Yahweh’s “Covenant” With His People The Torah  The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible.  The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition. The Torah  The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible.  The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition.

Ten Commandments Promoted the Belief in only One God which Became the foundation of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Helped shape the basic moral laws of many nations. Helped develop a belief in the “rule of law” or the idea that laws should apply to everyone equally.

How did the Ten Commandments shape the moral law of many nations? Told people not to steal, murder, or tell lies about others. Told people to avoid jealousy and honor their parents.

The Torah Became the 1 st part of the Hebrew Bible Described a covenant or agreement with God to return the Israelites to Canaan if they followed his laws Explained what God considered to be right and wrong Contained The Ten Commandments

Mount Sinai

The Promised Land The Israelites had to fight the Canaanites to return to their promised land.

SEQUENCING INFORMATION: THE ISRAELITES MAKE IT TO CANAAN It took the Isralites about 40 years to reach Canaan Moses died before they got to the promised land then Joshua took over

SEQUENCING INFORMATION: THE ISRAELITES MAKE IT TO CANAAN Upon reaching Canaan, Joshua led the Israelites in the Battle of Jericho to reclaim the promised land from the Canaanites. The biblical story claims that Israelites marched around Jericho for 6 days playing trumpets.

SEQUENCING INFORMATION: THE ISRAELITES MAKE IT TO CANAAN On the 7 th day they raised a great shout to make the walls of the city crumble.

Fighting Judges After Joshua, Israelites were led by judges. Bible contains stories about some judges such as: Under Deborah, the Israelites fought to gain control central Canaan and built walled towns to protect themselves. Gideon Samuel Eli Samson Barak and Deborah

The Canaanites moved to the flat coastal areas. One group were the Phoenicians who lived in cities along the Mediterranean Sea and were skilled sailors and traders.

Phoenician Sea Routes

A Phoenician Bireme Ship Phoenician ships carried goods to Greece, Spain, and Western Africa.

Phoenician City of Byblos: “Home of the Alphabet” Phoenicians spread ideas such as their alphabet which made writing simpler.

The Phoenician alphabet was spread to Greeks and Romans and is the basis for most western alphabets in the world today.

Carthage: Phoenicia’s Mightiest Colony