Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 20 The Diversity of Fungi

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. cell wall septum cytoplasm pore two haploid nuclei hyphae Key Features of Fungi Filamentous body (F20.1 p. 388) Obtain Their Nutrients from Other Organisms Most Fungi Can Reproduce Both Sexually & Asexually Propagate by Spores Some eject spores (F20.2 p. 389)

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. How Are Fungi Classified? The Phyla of Fungi (T20.1 p. 390)

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chytrids Chytrids Produce Swimming Spores –Chytrid filaments (F20.3 p. 389)

spores (haploid) Meiosis occurs as zygospore germinates. zygospore (diploid) Nuclei in common cell fuse. haploid diploid sporangia SEXUAL REPRODUCTION spores (haploid) ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION hypha, (+) mating type (haploid) hypha, (–) mating type (haploid) sporangia Zygote Fungi zygomycete Can Reproduce by Forming Diploid Spores zygomycete life cycle (F20.4 p. 391)

Sac Fungi ascomycetes Form Spores in a Saclike Case Diverse (F20.5 p. 392)

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc How Are Fungi Classified? The Club Fungi Produce Club- Shaped Reproductive Structures –Figure 20.6 (Hide/Reveal) The life cycle of a typical basidiomycete (p. 392) –Figure 20.7 Diverse basidiomycetes (p. 393) –Figure 20.8 A mushroom fairy ring (p. 394)

basidia on gills MEIOSIS cap basidiospores (haploid) (+) mating strain (–) mating strain (–) (+) haploid diploid Club Fungi basidiomycete Produce Club Shaped Reproductive Structures life cycle of a typical Basidiomycete (F 20.6 p. 392)

Diverse basidiomycetes (F20.7 p. 393)

A mushroom fairy ring (F 20.8 p. 394)

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Imperfect Fungi –Species in Which Sexual Structures Have Not Been Observed

algal layer fungal hyphae attachment structure Some Fungi Form Symbiotic Relationships Lichens: Formed by Fungi That Live with Photosynthetic Algae or Bacteria The lichen: A symbiotic Partnership (F20.9 p. 394)

Diverse lichens (F20.10 p. 395)

Mycorrhizae Are Fungi Associated with Plant Roots Figure Mycorrhizae enhance plant growth (p. 395)

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. How Do Fungi Affect Humans? Fungi Attack Plants Important to People –A helpful fungal parasite –(F20.13 p. 396) –Corn smut –(F20.12 p. 396)

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. How Do Fungi Affect Humans? Fungi Cause Human Diseases –The unusual yeast (F20.14 p. 397)

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. How Do Fungi Affect Humans? Fungi Can Produce Toxins Many Antibiotics Are Derived from Fungi –Penicillium –(F20.15 p. 397)

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. How Do Fungi Affect Humans? Fungi Make Important Contributions to Gastronomy –Wine and Beer Are Made Using Yeasts –Yeasts Make Bread Rise Fungi Play a Crucial Ecological Role –The Rare, Delicious Truffle (F20.16 p. 399)

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. How Do Fungi Affect Humans? –The Shotgun Approach to Spore Dispersal An explosive zygomycete (F20.17 p. 399)

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. How Do Fungi Affect Humans? –The Nematode Nemesis (F20.18 p. 399)