Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Learning Objective Define CPR State Purpose of CPR List the clinical manifestation of arrest Mention the basic rescue skills Perform CPR for arrested person Identify Precautions for Rescuers Discuss Complication of CPR

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Definitions CPR is an emergency life support technique used to artificially maintain both circulation and ventilation in persons suffering from cardiac respiratory arrest until advanced life support can be made. Is a combination of oral resuscitation (mouth to mouth breathing), which supplies oxygen to the lungs, and external cardiac massage (chest compression) which reestablish cardiac function and blood circulation CPR is also referred to as basic life support

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Purpose of CPR To establish effective circulation and respiration To prevent irreversible cerebral anoxia and damage To establish carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange and adequate circulation blood can be delivered

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Cardiac arrest Is the cessation of cardiac function (the heart stops beating) Cardiac arrest is unexpected and sudden occur= The heart no longer pumps blood to any of the organs of the body Breathing then stops, and the persons becomes unconscious

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Clinical manifestation of arrest Sudden unconscious The person’s skin appears pale and feels cool Cyanosis Not heard B.P Absent carotid or femoral pulse Dilated pupils Gasping then stop respiration

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Respiratory arrest (pulmonary arrest) It is cessation of breathing May occurs due to: blocked airway Following a cardiac arrest

Steps of CPR 1- Check the victim response Gently shaking the victim’s shoulders Ask what has happened Open your eyes Speak loudly If there is a response -Treat any condition found -Monitor vital signs If there is no response -Leave the victim in the position in which he was found -Open the airway

Steps of CPR 2. Open airway Kneel by victim head Place one hand on his forehead Gently tilt his head backward and pull the jaw outward Pick any obvious obstructions (dislodge dentures or broken teeth) from mouth Check to see if the victim is now breathing

Steps of CPR 3. Check Breathing Look for chest movement Listen for sounds of breathing Feel for breath on your cheek If the victim is breathing Check for any life threatening injuries such as (bleeding )and treat Place him in recovery position Monitor vital signs If the victim is not breathing Give two effective rescue breaths and then check for signs of circulation

Steps of CPR How to Give Rescue Breaths Make sure that the airway is still open Move the hand that was on the forehead down to the nose Open the victim’s mouth Take a deep breath to fill your lungs with air and place your lips around the victim’s mouth Blow the air into the victim’s mouth until the chest rise this takes about 2 second If the chest rise visibly and falls fully you have given an effective breath Give two effective breaths then check for signs of circulation After two breaths, the rescuer checks the unconscious person's pulse (carotid artery).

Steps of CPR How to Give Rescue Breaths If the unconscious person has a heartbeat, the rescuer continues rescue breathing until help arrives or the person begins breathing without assistance. If the unconscious person is breathing, the rescuer turns the person onto his or her side. If there is no heartbeat, the rescuer performs chest compressions

Steps of CPR 4. Check for circulation Determine pulse by feel => for the carotid pulse Manual compression => of the chest (cardiac massage) -Place the heal of your first hand on top of the other hand and interlock your fingers -With your arms straight press down vertically and depress the chest by about 4-5 cm -Release the pressure without removing your hands from his chest

Steps of CPR Manual Compression Compress the chest 15 times per10–15 second intervals. and give two rescue breaths Continue this cycle of alternating 15 chest compressions with two rescue breaths until emergency help arrives The victim takes a spontaneous breath You become exhausted

CPR for Children For children over the age of eight (+8 years) The rescuer performs CPR exactly => as for an adult In child (1-7 years) Use the heal of one hand only to apply pressure Compress the chest 5 times and give one rescue breaths use The breastbone is depressed only (2.5–3.5 cm) for a child In infant under one year (– 1 years) Use infant's nose and mouth to give gentle breaths. Use the two fingertips only to apply pressure The breastbone is depressed only (1.5–2.5 cm) for an infant,

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Precautions for Rescuers Do not leave the victim alone. Do not give chest compressions if the victim has a pulse. (cause the heart to stop beating). Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink. Avoid moving the victim's head or neck if spinal injury is a possibility. The person should be left as found if breathing freely. To check for breathing when spinal injury is suspected, the rescuer should only listen for breath by the victim's mouth and watch the chest for movement. Do not slap the victim's face, or throw water on the face, to try and revive the person. Do not place a pillow under the victim's head.

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Complication of CPR Gastric distention due to artificial ventilation by mouth to mouth Fracture rib Hemothorax Penumothorax Abdominal organs laceration