Introduction to Statistics for the Social Sciences SBS200, COMM200, GEOG200, PA200, POL200, or SOC200 Lecture Section 001, Fall 2015 Room 150 Harvill Building 10: :50 Mondays, Wednesdays & Fridays.

Exam 1 – This past Friday Thanks for your patience and cooperation We should have the grades up by Friday (takes about a week) It went really well!

Everyone will want to be enrolled in one of the lab sessions Labs continue this week, Project 1

By the end of lecture today 9/28/15 Overview of Project 2 What are the main objectives in completing research in any area?

. Example of a study Who is taller men or women? Independent Variable? Dependent Variable? IV: Nominal Ordinal Interval or Ratio? DV: Nominal Ordinal Interval or Ratio? IV: Continuous or discrete? DV: Continuous or discrete? Gender Height IV: Nominal DV: Ratio IV: Discrete DV: Continuous This is an example of a _____. a. correlation b. t-test c. one-way ANOVA d. two-way ANOVA t-test

. Example of t-test Who is taller men or women? How would you state no difference between groups? No difference in the height between men and women Directional? (predicting who is taller?) Between Or within? Quasi or True? Non- directional Between Quasi This is called the “null hypothesis”

. Example of a study This is an example of a _____. a. correlation b. t-test c. one-way ANOVA d. two-way ANOVA t-test Independent Variable? Dependent Variable? IV: Nominal Ordinal Interval or Ratio? DV: Nominal Ordinal Interval or Ratio? IV: Continuous or discrete? DV: Continuous or discrete? Curly vs straight hair Dateability IV: Nominal DV: Ratio IV: Discrete DV: Continuous Are people with curly hair or straight hair more “dateable”

. Example of a study Are people with curly hair or straight hair more “dateable” Directional? (is it predicting who is more dateable? Between Or within? Non- directional Between This is called the “null hypothesis” How would you state no difference between groups? No difference in the dateability of people with straight versus curly hair

Create example of t-test Identify single IV (two levels) Identify DV (must be numeric) Graph should have two bars (one for each mean) Think about how you might Study Type 2: t-test Comparing Two Means? Use a t-test t-test: Curly vs Straight hair

Writing Assignment Worksheet Distributed in Class Designing t-tests

Writing Assignment Please watch this video describing a series of t-tests What is the independent variable? How many different dependent variables did they use? (They would conduct a different t-test for every dependent variable)

More information on registering clickers coming soon

Before next exam (October 16th) Please read chapters in OpenStax textbook Please read Chapters 10, 11, 12 and 14 in Plous Chapter 10: The Representativeness Heuristic Chapter 11: The Availability Heuristic Chapter 12: Probability and Risk Chapter 14: The Perception of Randomness Schedule of readings

Why do we concern ourselves about research? – Five objectives 1. To explore potential phenomena explore whether phenomenon is present explore a phenomenon with a fresh take generate new ideas and discover relationships. e.g. business socks – how might you market this? e.g. dubstep – what is it – how might we reach out to this community?

e.g. business socks – how might you market this? e.g. dubstep – what is it – how might we reach out to this community? Why do we concern ourselves about research? – Five objectives 1. To explore potential phenomena explore whether phenomenon is present explore a phenomenon with a fresh take generate new ideas and discover relationships Yo, you wanna meet up, have a seizure whilst listening to the noise of a wampwampwampwamp wampwampwampwampwamp until your ears bleed?"

2. To describe phenomena build a vocabulary of constructs and make distinctions between similar constructs (how is dubstep different from techno or house?) cluster similar characteristics into related constructs Why do we concern ourselves about research in business? – Five objectives - Types of management style - Strategies for quality control.

3. To explain and model phenomena explanation: find cause and effect relationships propose mechanisms that determine outcomes show how and why a phenomenon operates as it does Why do we concern ourselves about research in business? – Five objectives

4. To predict future behavior what characteristics are likely to result in worker productivity, consumer behavior, etc... explanations can help with predictions, but being able to predict an outcome doesn’t necessarily provide a good explanation Why do we concern ourselves about research in business? – Five objectives

5. To influence behavior how can we use what we know about human behavior to affect how people around us react and behave (and do what we want) –increase number of volunteers –supervisors increasing probability of happy employees –parent increasing probability of child taking out the trash –to advance better practices Why do we concern ourselves about research in business? – Five objectives