SKELETAL SYSTEM Day ^

Bell Quiz  1. Smaller lower leg bone  2. knee cap  3. Part of the pelvic girdle you sit on  4. Name as many of the seven tarsals as you can  5. How many metatarsal do you suppose you have?  6. How many phalanges?

 1. Fibula  2. Patella  3. Ischium  4. Medial cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, cuboid, navicular, calcaneus, talus   6. 28

Metatarsals  Body of foot (10)  Arches- absorbs shocks

Phalanges  Toes (28)

Physiology  Articulation : Where two bones meet

Ligaments – bone to bone Tendons – muscle to bone

Types of joints

Synarthrosis (Fibrous)  Joint with NO movement Sutures in Cranium

Amphiarthrosis (Cartilaginous)  Slightly moveable joint

Diarthrosis (Synovial)  Freely moveable, includes a capsule (bursa) that releases synovial fluid for lubrication.

Hinge – knee, elbow

Ball and socket – shoulder, hip

Pivot – Head, radius, ulna

Gliding – carpals

Levers  Bone – Lever  Muscle – Effort  Joint – Fulcrum  R – Resistance

Class 1 ( ankle, head) *see saw *effort balances the load.  This pivot exists in the place where your skull meets the top of your spine. Your skull is the lever arm and the neck muscles at the back of the skull provide the force (effort) to lift your head up against the weight of the head (load). When the neck muscles relax, your head nods forward.

Class 2 ( calf muscle) *Wheelbarrow  Standing on tip toes is a Class 2 lever. The pivot is at your toe joints and your foot acts as a lever arm. Your calf muscles and achilles tendon provide the effort when the calf muscle contracts. The load is your body weight and is lifted by the effort (muscle contraction).

Class 3 (wrist, fingers, elbows)  A bent arm is a Class 3 lever. The pivot is at the elbow and the forearm acts as the lever arm. The biceps muscle provides the effort (force) and bends the forearm against the weight of the forearm and any weight that the hand might be holding.

Actions – how we can move

Flexion and Extension

Rotation

Abduction and Adduction

Homeostatsis

Calcium and Phosphorus  Vitamin D – maintain normal blood levels of Ca and P

Hormones  Chemicals released by cells that send messages to other parts of your body

Growth Hormone HGH  Pituitary  Increases Calcium retention in bones and mineralization

Sex Hormones  Estrogen and Testosterone  Secreted by the testes and ovaries  Increases bone density and maturation

Calcitonin  Thyroid  Inhibit osteoblast activity

PTH -  Parathyroid  Bones release calcium into blood stream