Read page 424-425 on drugs and the brain What 3 major concepts should we study to understand this article further?

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SYNAPSES AND DRUGS.

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Presentation transcript:

Read page on drugs and the brain What 3 major concepts should we study to understand this article further?

Synapse sin-aps, si-naps Synapse (noun) Small gap between nerve cells (noun) Small gap between nerve cells Use in a sentence: A synapse is cool.

Neurotransmitters and The Synapse

 Synapse: unique junction that mediates information flow from one neuron to another or effector cell… huh?

 Most synapses occur between axon of one nerve and the dendrite of another… BUT

Pre vs Post Presynaptic neuron- carries impulse towards a synapse “Sender” Postsynaptic neuron- carries impulse away from a synapse “receiver”

 TWO TYPES:  A. electrical synapse  B. chemical synapse

Electrical Synapse  Allow current carrying ions to flow directly from one neuron to the next  Found in the brain, limited in adulthood  Most are replaced by chemical synapses

Chemical Synapses  -release/reception of neurotransmitters  Neurotransmitters act to open/close ion channels

Anatomy of the chemical synapse  axonal terminal synaptic vesicles synaptic vesicles receptor region receptor region synaptic cleft synaptic cleft

Information Transfer Across Chemical Synapses  1. Calcium gates open in the presynaptic axonal terminal  Depolarization causes voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to open

 2. Neurotransmitter is released Direct result of calcium being present Exocytosis

 3. Neurotransmitter binds to post-synaptic receptors  4. Ion channels open in the post-synaptic membrane Boom!

Neurotransmitters -language of the nervous system -50 known NT

Classification 1. Acetylcholine (ACh) -first identified, best understood 2. Biogenic Amines Include: dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, histamine and serotonin

3. Amino Acids 4. Peptides (neuropeptides) substance P, endorphins, 5. Novel Messengers ATP Nitric Oxide Carbon Monoxide

Synthesis of Neurotransmitters