Cells & Systems The Nervous System. The system that constantly monitors and responds the stimuli (stimulus) around you … Stimuli your body can respond.

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Presentation transcript:

Cells & Systems The Nervous System

The system that constantly monitors and responds the stimuli (stimulus) around you … Stimuli your body can respond to … (Internal or External) -Temperature- Sound -Light - Body Chemistry -Pressure - Dangers I wonder if that’s hot? IT BURNS!!

Neurons Nervous system is mostly one type of tissue –Nervous Tissue neuronsThis tissue is made up entirely of specialized cells called neurons –Brain, spinal cord, nerves = nervous tissue Job of a neuron? –Send and receive messages

Neurons - Photos

Neurons Cont … dendritesA neuron receives messages from small branches called dendrites dendritecell body axonThe incoming messages pass from dendrite to cell body itself to the axon axon dendritesThe axon trails off the cell and connects to the neighbouring cells dendrites We have electrical transmission! Slice of brain (hippocampus) Cell Body Dendrite Axon

Neurons Cont …

System Organization Two main divisions The Central Nervous System –Brain –Spinal Cord The Peripheral Nervous System –Cranial Nerves –Spinal Nerves

Side Topic – Not to Study! How does your brain work … in lobes (zones)

Nervous System – The Real Deal

The Peripheral Nervous System Consists of two types of neurons Sensory Neurons –Information from body  central nervous system Motor Neurons –From central nervous system  muscles/organs But wait! We can split this system even more!

The Peripheral Nervous System Cont … The PNS has conscious & unconscious control Somatic Nervous System –You hear a sound … to look or not to look? you –Conscious/Voluntary – you are in control Autonomic Nervous System –Adjust pupil size to light (let’s prove that one), heart rate when exercising –Unconscious control – body just does it

Nervous System Graph … Helps for study!

The Central Nervous System We constantly receive stimuli from the outside world: sights, sounds, smells, feel, etc … Taking in all the stimuli and reacting to it The brain is generally (very, very generally) divided into 3 main sections –Cerebrum –Cerebellum –Medulla

Central Nervous System Cont … Cerebrum Control/reaction to senses Movement Thinking Cerebellum –Balance Medulla –Breathing –Heart Rate

Central Nervous System Cont … The spinal cord connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system –Like a highway of information It contains a special type of neuron called an interneuron –They connect one neuron to another

Reflex Response – The Shortcut reflexWhen sensory & motor work together and do not use the brain  we call that a reflex –Automatic response by the nervous system to an external stimulus For example … you put your hand on a tacFor example … you put your hand on a tac –Sensory neurons in your hand react to the pain by sending nerve impulses (signal) to the spinal cord –Interneurons relay the message to the motor neurons –Impulse travels to your arm which you lift quickly!

Reflex Response Cont … Sensory neurons also send a message to your brain However … the message gets there after you have reacted The reflex response helps protect you! Pain & Reaction Time Video

Uneven Sense of Touch Smell = specific location Sight = specific location Taste = specific location Hearing = specific location Touch = everywhere! Touch is located everywhere and is the biggest sensory organ in the body Not all parts have the same amount of receptors however! It is very uneven!

Uneven Sense of Touch

Cells & Systems Systems Done!