Developing policy for the use of TB vaccines in badgers and cattle in Wales Christianne Glossop CVO Wales Vaccination in the control of bovine tuberculosis 3 rd October 2013, Zoological Society of London

TB at Gelli Aur, Carmarthenshire TB for 4 1 / 2 years out of last cattle slaughtered Cat infected 60 day testing Full compliance Good biosecurity

TB in Wales Annual testing since 2010 Every herd tested every year At best 2 days of hassle and worry At worst a TB breakdown identified

2012/13: 9,215 cattle slaughtered 1,078 new herd incidents £32,754,664 spent (testing regime, breakdown management, additional measures, compensation) TB in Wales

The fight against TB in Wales Basic principles of infectious disease control  Keep it out  Find it quickly  Stop it spreading  Stamp it out  TB Eradication is an ambitious, achievable long term objective  Need to use every tool in the box

Vaccination Efficacy? No effect on infected animals Technical questions DIVA Untested in the field in the UK Legislative hurdles Strategy? Efficacy? No effect on infected animals Practically challenging Oral bait? Expensive Benefit to cattle unknown Strategy?  It is simplistic to think that vaccination alone can resolve the problem

Success stories with vaccination  Brucellosis – eradication in GB by test/slaughter/vaccinate policy  Rinderpest – vaccination played key role in worldwide eradication  Rabies - oral vaccination of foxes against rabies (Europe)  Vaccination for TB a tool yet to be exploited to the full  Vaccination has the potential to contribute to TB eradication

Badger vaccination in Wales – Phase 1 Intensive Action Area  1,190+ landowners  300+ cattle herds in the area  2.5% of the national herd  14% of national compensation cost  25% under restrictions due to a TB breakdown  Year 1 – 1,425 badgers  Year 2 (so far) over 1,100 badgers  Expensive and time-consuming - £600+ per badger

Badger vaccination in Wales – Phase 2  £250,000 fund – vaccination grant  Seeking support from interested parties

Cattle vaccination in Wales  International workshop (Dec ’12)  Borg letter  ATC  Field trials  (Ethiopia)

Where do we go from here?  TB eradication in cattle is an ambitious, achievable long-term objective  We need to use every tool in the box  It is simplistic to think that vaccination alone can resolve this problem  Vaccination is a tool yet to be exploited to the full  Vaccination is a potentially useful tool as part of a comprehensive programme of eradication