Industrialization 1865 - 1901 Chapter 3, Lesson 1 ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did the United States become an industrialized society after the Civil War?
I. The Rise of Industry American business and industry grew rapidly after the end of the Civil War. Industrialization changed the way people lived and worked
The United States Industrializes After the Civil War, industry expanded rapidly Electrification advances in the 1890 Early 1900s United States world’s leading industrial nation Gross National Product (GNP)- the total value of all goods and services a country produces during a year
Natural Resources Abundance of raw materials include timber, coal, iron, copper Could get resources cheaply (no importing) Most resources were in the West Settlement accelerated industrialization
Natural Resources New resource called petroleum, used to make kerosene fluid used in lanterns and stoves Began in western Pennsylvania 1859 Frederick Drake drilled first oil well in Titusville, PA 1900 oil fields from PA to Texas
A Large Workforce: Human Resources allowed rapid industrialization Between 1860-1910 population tripled Provided industry with an abundant workforce Came from large families (better living conditions meant children survived) Immigrants - between 1870 and 1910, 17 million immigrants arrived. Some came for religious freedom others from oppressive governments
The Rise of Industry How did the United States become an industrialized society after the Civil War?
The United States Industrializes Why was the United States successful at industrialization?
The United States Industrializes What were the two significant growth factors of U.S. industry?
New Inventions What invention from this period has had the most impact on your daily life? Pay attention to find out!
New Inventions Technologies and inventions eased transportation and communications Produced more goods at lower prices
Thomas Alva Edison Menlo Park, New Jersey: forerunner of the modern laboratory 1877 Phonograph Two years later the electric generator and light bulb Made batteries and motion pictures Lewis Latimer made the carbon filament to make the incandescent bulb more durable
Communications Cyrus Fields laid a telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean in 1866 Provided faster communication between U.S. and Europe 1876 Scottish immigrant Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone
New Inventions: George Westinghouse George Westinghouse invented air brakes for railroads –enabled longer and heavier trains to travel and increased safety Westinghouse company the first to use hydroelectric power
New Inventions Thaddeus Lowe invented the ice machine 1877 Gustavus Swift shipped refrigerated meat Josephine Cochrane developed the automatic dishwasher 1882 Edison supplied New York City with electricity
New Inventions: Textile Industry Northrop made an automatic loom to make cloth quickly Power driven sewing machines and cloth cutters Machines to produce shoes Production moved from small shops to large factories
New Inventions Which invention do you think has had the most lasting influence?
Free Enterprise How did Laissez-faire economics promote industrialization?
Free Enterprise Laissez-faire- government should not interfere in the economy Government interference drives up costs Economic system with little or no government interference is know as free enterprise system
Free Enterprise Laissez-faire relies on supply and demand to regulate wages and prices (Free Market) Competition promotes efficiency and wealth Advocate low taxes and limited government debt Government should protect property rights and maintain peace
Free Enterprise Practice- to do something repeatedly so it becomes standard U.S. practiced a mixture of laissez-faire by keeping taxes low while promoting private investment
Free Enterprise Prospect of making a profit attracted entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs – people who risk their capital to organize and run businesses Northern entrepreneurs supported high tariffs to protect business from European manufacturers
Free Enterprise Supported federal subsidies for building roads, canals, and railroads Southern leaders were against subsidies and favored low tariffs to promote trade – keeps cost of imported goods low
Free Enterprise During the Civil War Congress greatly increased tariffs on imports Caused countries to raise tariffs on U.S. goods Tariffs were lowered and American companies became more competitive U.S. benefited from being the largest free trade zone in the world
Free Enterprise How did laissez-faire economics encourage businesses to industrialize?
Free Enterprise Laissez-faire ideas meant that business would be able to grow and adopt new technologies more freely and easily