Mexican National Era 1821 - 1836 What is the central theme or focus of the Mexican National Era?

Primary Antecedents 1810 Hidalgo Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Roman Catholic priest. The Grito de Dolores ("Cry of Dolores") was uttered from the small town of Dolores, near Guanajuato in Mexico, on September 16, 1810. It is the event that is considered the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence. The "grito" was the proclamation of the Mexican War of Independence…which begins November 16th , 1810 and marks Independence Day in Mexico. Hidalgo’s army numbers up to 90,000. 1811 – 1813 Gutierrez-Magee Expedition Gutierrez de Lara Lobbies in Washington DC for support to free Texas from Spanish rule. Joins with Magee forming Republican Army of the North. Primary intention is to militarily defeat Spanish. Some military success…difference of opinion…Americans want Republic while Mexican prefer appointed leaders. Republican Army destroyed at Battle of Median in 1813. Navarro displaced from San Antonio.

August 24, 1821 - Treaty of Cordoba Constitutional Monarchy 1823 New Government formed – Federalists = power shared with states vs Centralists = strong central control 1824 Mexican Federal Constitution Blends Coahuila and Texas into…Coahuila y Tejas 3 departments - Bexar, Brazos, Nacogdoches

Colonization in the Mexican National Era 1824 Congress of Mexico – New Colonization Laws States have shared control of colonization Contract now through Saltillo, the state capital of Coahuila y Tejas However, some Federal limits 48,000 acres/person Not on coast / border without permission Permanent residents of Texas to qualify 1825 State Colonization Law Coahuila y Tejas Increase Population Empresario – 23,000 acres / 100 colonists / within 6 years Morality & Christianity (Catholic) Land through Empresario or direct…most w/Empresarios

Colonization - later in the Mexican National Era 1824 Congress of Mexico Colonization Laws 1825 State Colonization Law Coahuila y Tejas 1830 – Law of April 6th 1830 – Limits Immigration Concerns that Mexican culture was being overwhelmed by outsiders. Immigration from US banned Settlement contracts returned to Federal level control Colonization contracts with less than 150 people cancelled Mexican Citizens…free land / transportation / general financial assistance Taxes no longer reduced No new slaves into Texas Tariffs on trade with US

Law of April 6th 1830 – Limited Immigration Before – Mexico is nervous US twice tried to buy Texas. Anglo settlers insure they are isolated from Mexican populations. Slavery Laws are being widely ignored…1929 total ban on slavery After – Law is essentially ignored. 1836 population 30,000 Anglo-Americans 14,200 Native American Indians 5,000 Blacks 3,470 Hispanics

1836 – Mexican National Era gives way to… the Republic of Texas !