1 Support to enterprise – a counterfactual approach Daniel Mouqué Evaluation Unit, DG REGIO Ex post evaluation – WP 6c
2 Enterprise & innovation support Some €79 billion in : the largest broad category of expenditure Key instrument: the grant (others include: loans/VC, advice, networking, incubators) Previously, evidence for success was mainly: –Monitoring data –Interviews on deadweight
3 The evaluation 2 grants (modernisation, R&D) in E. Germany 2 databases: IAB enterprise « panel », GEFRA survey of innovation in Thuringia Focus groups with project and prog managers 2 scientific experts
4 What is a counterfactual? Used in many methods (but often implicit or qualitative) New tool borrowed from medicine and science. Key feature: control group (think drug trial) Harnessing the power of statistics (pro: credible, con: data-heavy) Selecting matches: can range from very simple to very complex.
5 Main methods of this evaluation Controlled difference in difference (take a simple method, add regression) Propensity Score Matching (using statistics to find “twins”) Instrumental Variable (using grants to female entrepreneurs)
6 Results: investment grants
7 Results: R&D grants
8 Results: employment An estimated 27,000 jobs created Significantly lower than monitoring data for jobs created (107,000). Reconciliation: gross/net. Cannot reconcile with number of jobs safeguarded (439,000) => Strong conclusion: main effect of grants is investment (and productivity) change, not jobs
9 In conclusion Interesting results An interesting method (potentially more rigorous, gives clear headline figures) But data-heavy, so not appropriate in every case
10 Where to find the evaluation Inforegio, then the following steps: > The Policy > Impacts and results > Evaluation > Evaluations undertaken for the Commission >