Effects of Industrialization Chapter 9 Section 2

1.Why did cities in Europe grow rapidly during the Industrial Revolution? Push factor – enclosure movement Pull factor - factory jobs People moved to the cities to work in factories, where they could earn more than they could on farms. Many had no choice due to enclosure. Regardless, life on the farm had always been a struggle to survive, so the a steady job offered a promise to get out of that.

2. Define: urbanization Growth of cities Not a problem until you have very rapid growth of cities Imagine the 5 Cities area doubling in size in a 10 year period There would be serious housing shortages, increased trash, more crime, and the quality of life would be terrible for anyone living in town.

3. Eight things the rapidly growing cities in England lacked (didn’t have). Infrastructure 1. Development plans5. education 2. Sanitary codes 6. police 3. Building codes 7. street drains 4. Adequate housing 8. garbage collection

4. How long could someone in a big city in Britain in 1842 expect to live? 17 years on average 38 years everywhere else cholera-death by diarrhea

5. Where did the wealthy merchants and factory owners often live? In the suburbs in luxurious homes. What is a suburb? Comes from suburban Often referred to as a bedroom community A place with a lot of homes within commuting distance to a work center

6. Describe the work schedule for a typical worker at this time. 14 hours a day 6 days a week One 40 to 60 minute break No vacation You had a day full of chores on Sunday

7. Why did factory owners often prefer women and child workers? Men got paid more simply because they were men. Women and kids were looked down upon. Women and kids were also easier to manage. They tended not to fight back as much or complain.

8. What did factory overseers do to keep children working as they became tired? They smacked them with a belt or stick. Kids still get smacked with sticks in schools in many parts of the world. Schools in California were using corporal punishment up until the 80s.

9. What four groups made up the British middle class (bourgeoisie) at this time? skilled workers, professionals, businessmen, wealthy farmers

10. Who belonged to the four social classes in Britain that developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution? Upper class: factory owners, bankers, merchants Upper middle class: doctors, lawyers, factory managers Lower middle class: skilled workers, mechanical types, printers Working class: laborers

11. How did the IR contribute to class tensions? It created a huge gap in income. Society became divided into a few very wealthy people and a lot of poor people.

12. How did workers respond to their poor living and working conditions? They rioted and destroyed factory machinery. The Luddites raged against the machines.

13. Benefits of the Industrial Revolution, over time. jobs, consumer goods, new career paths, more tax money available to governments Educational systems

14. Which social class was the last to see benefits from the Industrial Revolution? The working class poor

15. In what year did the British Parliament first take action against child labor and what was that law called? The Factory Act.

16. How did putting many factories in one place effect the natural environment? Totally polluted the air and water for years to come. Factory areas are still the most polluted areas in the world.