Life Science Introduction Review Sheet Answers

1. How did Louis Pasteur’s experiment disprove the idea of spontaneous generation? The broth that had been boiled did not have bacteria. This proved that bacteria only grew from existing bacteria. The broth that had been boiled did not have bacteria. This proved that bacteria only grew from existing bacteria.

2. What are the 6 characteristics of living things? Cellular Organization Cellular Organization Similar Chemicals Similar Chemicals Energy Use Energy Use Growth and Development Growth and Development Response to Surroundings Response to Surroundings Reproduction Reproduction

3. 4 Basic Needs of All living Things Energy Energy Water Water Living Space Living Space Stable Internal Conditions Stable Internal Conditions

4. What is the difference between growth and development? Grow = Get bigger Grow = Get bigger Develop = Change into something different Develop = Change into something different

5. What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? Auto = make their own food Auto = make their own food Hetero = Cannot make their own food Hetero = Cannot make their own food

6. Give an example of a stimulus and response. Answers will vary. Answers will vary. Stimulus: Bright Light Stimulus: Bright Light Response: Squinting Eyes Response: Squinting Eyes Stimulus: The heat is on inside a building Stimulus: The heat is on inside a building Response: You take your winter coat off. Response: You take your winter coat off.

Microscopes 1. What is the difference between a compound and simple microscope? Compound = 2 lenses Compound = 2 lenses Simple = 1 lens Simple = 1 lens

2. What did Robert Hooke discover with the microscope? Cells Cells

3. When you carry the microscope, where should you place your hands? One on the arm, and one on the base. One on the arm, and one on the base.

4. When you turn the microscope off, which objective lens should be directly above the stage? Low Low

5. Always start focusing your microscope with which objective lens? Low power Low power

6. When focusing on medium and high powers, you can only use which adjustment knob? Fine Fine

Abiotic/Biotic 1. Define biotic and give an example. Living or was once living Living or was once living Wooden Desk Wooden Desk

2. Define abiotic and give an example. Never, ever living. Never, ever living. Rock or mineral Rock or mineral

3. If you are looking under the microscope, what would you see in a biotic sample? Cells Cells

Cell Parts and Functions

Cell Wall Rigid layer of non-living material that surrounds the cell Rigid layer of non-living material that surrounds the cell Plant and Bacteria Plant and Bacteria

Cell Membrane Controls what substances enter and leave the cell. It also offers protection. Controls what substances enter and leave the cell. It also offers protection. All cell types All cell types

Lysosomes Contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones. Contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones. Animal Cells (your book also says some plant) Animal Cells (your book also says some plant)

Golgi Apparatus (or body) The mailroom The mailroom This part receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell. This part receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell. Plant and Animal Cells Plant and Animal Cells

Nucleus The Cell’s control center. The Cell’s control center. It directs all of the cell’s activities It directs all of the cell’s activities Plant and animal cells Plant and animal cells

Nucleolus Makes ribosomes Makes ribosomes Plant and animal cells Plant and animal cells

Chromatin Genetic material or instructions that direct the functions of the cell Genetic material or instructions that direct the functions of the cell Plant and animal Plant and animal

Ribosomes Factories that produce proteins Factories that produce proteins All cell types All cell types

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) A series of passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another A series of passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another Plant and Animal Plant and Animal

Cytoplasm Region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Many organelles are found here. Region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Many organelles are found here. All Cells All Cells

Vacuole The storage are of the cell The storage are of the cell Plant (your book has it that they are also in plants – we will talk about this discrepancy) Plant (your book has it that they are also in plants – we will talk about this discrepancy)

Chloroplasts Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce energy for the cell. Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce energy for the cell. Plant cells Plant cells

Mitochondria Mighty Mitochondria Mighty Mitochondria Produces most of the cell’s energy Produces most of the cell’s energy Plant and animal cells Plant and animal cells

Nuclear Membrane Protects the nucleus and controls what goes into and out of it. Protects the nucleus and controls what goes into and out of it. Plant and Animal Cells Plant and Animal Cells

Vesicle Portions of the ER break off to form small packages called vesicles. Vesicles transport processed materials to the golgi body. Portions of the ER break off to form small packages called vesicles. Vesicles transport processed materials to the golgi body. Plant and Animal Plant and Animal

Organelle Tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions. Tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions. All cell types All cell types