Pg. 56 RTW: Name one abiotic and one biotic thing in the room. Objective: I will be able to describe the abiotic factors and label the following areas of the marine environment: ▫Photic and aphotic ▫Benthic (littoral, shelf, bathyal, abyssal, hadal) ▫Pelagic (oceanic and nertic) Agenda ▫Layers of the Ocean Project  Begin research & start putting information on your poster Homework ▫None Monday, November 9 th

An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors are living things. plants animals fungi bacteria plants

Abiotic factors are nonliving things. moisture temperature wind sunlight soil moisture sunlight

Zones of the Ocean You will be assigned into one of the following ocean zones: 1.Supralittoral 2.Littoral 3.Sublittoral 4.Oceanic Photic 5.Oceanic Dysphotic 6.Neritic 7.Abyssal (Benthic) 8.Group’s choice

You will research: 1.What the zone encompasses ▫Where it is, depth, etc. 2.Why it is named this ▫Definition and any Greek or Latin roots 3.Abiotic factors in your zone ▫Environmental factors 4.Biotic factors in your zone ▫Living factors 5.Adaptations for this zone ▫How have organisms adapted to the environment?

What your poster should look like: ______ Zone Information: This zone encompasses _____ part(s) of the ocean This zone is named this after the Greek word ____ which means ____ Organisms need to be adapted in these ways to survive in this zone… Biotic Factors:Abiotic Factors: Parrot fish: biotic Blue-ringed octopus: biotic Light: abiotic

RTW: How does light (abiotic) affect organisms (biotic)? Objective: I will be able to describe the abiotic factors and label the following areas of the marine environment: ▫Photic and aphotic ▫Benthic (littoral, shelf, bathyal, abyssal, hadal) ▫Pelagic (oceanic and nertic) Agenda ▫Layers of the Ocean Project  Finish putting information on your poster  Gallery Walk (pg. 57) Homework ▫None Tuesday, November 10 th

You will research: 1.What the zone encompasses ▫Where it is, depth, etc. 2.Why it is named this ▫Definition and any Greek or Latin roots 3.Abiotic factors in your zone ▫Environmental factors 4.Biotic factors in your zone ▫Living factors 5.Adaptations for this zone ▫How have organisms adapted to the environment?

What your poster should look like: ______ Zone Information: This zone encompasses _____ part(s) of the ocean This zone is named this after the Greek word ____ which means ____ Organisms need to be adapted in these ways to survive in this zone… Biotic Factors:Abiotic Factors: Parrot fish: biotic Blue-ringed octopus: biotic Light: abiotic

Prefixes and Suffixes (pg. 57) Supra= above Sub= below Littoral= pertaining to the shore Photic= well lit Aphotic= absence of light Oceanic= open sea Benthic= bottom of the ocean

RTW: Which ocean layer is your favorite? Why? Objective: I will be able to classify and give examples of organisms as planktonic (phytoplankton and zooplankton), nektonic, or benthic. Agenda ▫Plankton Notes (pg. 59) ▫Plankton Lab (pg. 58) Homework ▫None Thursday, November 12 th

Plankton Plankton = Free-floating organisms (drifters) ▫Most abundant organisms in the ocean. ▫Bottom of the food chain ▫Two types: phytoplankton & zooplankton

Why do you think plankton are important to the ocean’s ecosystems?

Phytoplankton 1) Phytoplankton = autotrophic (photosynthesis provides their energy); Always located near the surface

Types of Phytoplankton Diatoms: ▫Single celled protists (kingdom) ▫“pill box” structure made of SiO 2 (silicon dioxide) with the living organism inside ▫Unique designs ▫Reproduce by dividing in half ▫We use these everyday!!!  How?

Diatoms are responsible for causing algae blooms and changing the turbidity, dissolved oxygen and pH of the water. Algae blooms are both human induced and naturally occurring.

Types of Phytoplankton Dinoflagellates: class Dinophycea ▫Single celled protist (kingdom) ▫Have two flagella ▫Red tide is caused by an algae (dinoflagellate) bloom. Plankton releases toxins into water. Responsible for massive death/infection in fish and irritation to humans. ▫Some are bioluminescent = light the wakes of waves ▫Some are non-mobile and SYMBIONTS with other animals (corals, giant clams, sea anemones) = ZOOXANTHELLAE

Red Tide

Zooplankton 2) Zooplankton = heterotrophic (must obtain their food from outside sources) ▫ located beneath phytoplankton, vertically migrate at night. ▫More diverse than phytoplankton. ▫Significance = provides a link between the phytoplankton, producers and the larger fish below.

Types of Zooplankton Copepods: Kingdom = Animalia ▫phylum-Arthropoda, ▫Most valuable zooplankton ▫Use small jerky movements ▫Use antennae to slow sinking ▫Filter feeders of phytoplankton

Copepods link phytoplankton to the rest of the food chain. Fastest animal in the world.

So why should I care… Without plankton the entire marine ecosystem would collapse! Primary Productivity ▫95% in the ocean is from phytoplankton ▫Other 5% is from plants and chemosynthesis.

Pg. 56 S.T.A.R. 1.What are the two types of plankton? 2.What type of plankton produce their own food? 3.________ and _______ are types of phytoplankton.

Pg. 58 Plankton Lab You will EACH need a sheet of white paper from me. Fold your paper so it has 4 squares. Assignment: Groups of 2 Look at your plankton sample and find 2 phytoplankton and 2 zooplankton ▫Draw these and label them in your squares. (one in each square) Have fun looking at the different types of plankton in your sample!!!

Pg. 56 RTW: What is the difference between zoo- and phytoplankton? Objective: I will be able to classify and give examples of organisms as planktonic (phytoplankton and zooplankton), nektonic, or benthic. Agenda ▫Study Guide Homework ▫Unit 4 Test and notebook check on Tuesday, November 17 th Friday, November 13 th