Robèrt, M. (2009). International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Vol. 3, No. 1

What is CERO? Developed for an energy sector with large complexity: a)travel behaviour needs to be modelled explicitly b)need for tailor-made cost-benefit assessments c)a tool for benchmarking to spread good examples Engages a broad range of experts and researchers: –Statisticians –Economists –Behaviourists –Environmental consultants –Technical implementers –Change managers Developed in a doctoral thesis at KTH: ”Mobility Management and Climate Change Policies”

Developed with empirical support from large organizations

Macro economic effects from 10% trafic reductions in Stockholm county (Robèrt och Jonsson, 2006) -EUR accident costs -EUR emission costs -EUR in vehicle time costs (  = EUR /year)

Why setting climate targets for employee travel?

Travel costs and emissions walk hand i hand - Short-term cost cut potential: Euro/1000 employees and year Employee travel costs and emissions at the County Council of Kalmar

- “Indirect values” of showing best practice IT-sector, transport sector, energy sector, public authorities…

CERO is based on backcasting Travel policiesMappingTarget

Mapping - Employee commute trips are in general far most dominant

Benchmarking

A trigger for internal processing and stakeholder dialogues (benchmarking positions are fictitious)

Mapping of individual preferences Car-sharingTaxi

Problem with climate targets: % - reductions are appropriate for emission audits but hard to follow-up in policy terms %CO 2

Transformation of the backcasting target %CO 2

Modules of tailor made 1% CO2-reductions (commute trips) 31 car commuters switch to public transport Train tickets to 4 commuters with longest commute distance Encourage 38 car commuters to renewable fuel cars Allow telecommuting at least once a month Offer eco-driving to at least ¼ of staff Encourage at least 191 car commuters with commute distance 0,5-6km to cycle

Replace 7% of business trips by car to public transport Annual cost reduction 1,1 Mkr Replace 4% of business trips by car to virtual meetings Annual cost reduction 2,3 Mkr Replace all business trips with private car to car sharing Costs unchanged Replace 2% of aviation trips abroad to virtual meetings Annual cost reduction kr Replace 3% av domestic aviation to train Annual cost reduction kr Modules of tailor made 1% CO2-reductions (business trips)

An example of a policy package targeting 40% CO 2 - reductions…

Labour productivity effects

The CERO-process in practice Three backcasting steps 2. Scenario level – Select an optimized travel scenario from the smorgasbord 1. Principal level – Reach consensus on the target description 3. Plan of action level – Selection of measures that correspond to the optimized travel scenario CO 2 Economy Employee acceptance

Thank you!