1 Programme Advisory Committee for Nuclear Physics 29 th meeting, January 2009 Programme Advisory Committee for Nuclear Physics 29 th meeting, January 2009 Prospects for the development at FLNR of the experimental base for heavy-ion physics research and proposals into the Plan for the Development of JINR for 2010–2016 S.N. Dmitriev FLNR JINR

Basic directions of researches  Heavy and superheavy elements Synthesis and investigation of properties and structure of supeheavy isotopes; Synthesis and investigation of properties and structure of supeheavy isotopes; Chemistry of new elements; Chemistry of new elements; Fusion and fission of heavy nuclei. Fusion and fission of heavy nuclei.  Nuclei in the vicinity of drip-lines Properties and structure of exotic nuclei; Properties and structure of exotic nuclei; Reactions with exotic nuclei. Reactions with exotic nuclei.  Radiation effects and physical bases of nanotechnology  Heavy and superheavy elements Synthesis and investigation of properties and structure of supeheavy isotopes; Synthesis and investigation of properties and structure of supeheavy isotopes; Chemistry of new elements; Chemistry of new elements; Fusion and fission of heavy nuclei. Fusion and fission of heavy nuclei.  Nuclei in the vicinity of drip-lines Properties and structure of exotic nuclei; Properties and structure of exotic nuclei; Reactions with exotic nuclei. Reactions with exotic nuclei.  Radiation effects and physical bases of nanotechnology

DRIBs complex

DRIBs from 2004 to year Run 2004 year Run 2006 year Run 2006 year Run 2008 year Run 2008 year Run 2004 year Run 2004 year Run 2006 year Run 2006 year Run 2008 year Run 2008 year Run 5 3

Primary Secondary 18 O, 1p  AMeV 15 N, 1p  AMeV 11 Li ~ 2*10 3 ~ 2*10 3 s -1, 35 AMeV 12 Be ~ 6*10 4 ~ 6*10 4 s -1, 35 AMeV 14 Be ~ 10 3 s -1, 35 AMeV - 15 B ~ 5*10 4 s -1, 35 AMeV - Production of new RIB’s at ACCULINNA fragment separator and experiments in 2009 (beryllium target 2mm)PurposeReactionEst.EventsDate 10 He structure 11 Li + d → 3 He + 10 He 12 Be + 12 C → 14 O + 10 He 200/month50/monthJan.’09 12 He 13 Li 14 Be + 12 C → 14 O + 12 He 11 Li + t → p + 13 Li ?? End ’09

6 Operation time of the U400 cyclotron (SHE) Synthesis of Super Heavy Elements 6 Years - Total time of experiments 3 Years - Total doze of 48 Ca beam 2.5 x Average intensity of ion beam (calendar) ~ 0,5 pμA (calendar) ~ 0,5 pμA Synthesis of Super Heavy Elements 6 Years - Total time of experiments 3 Years - Total doze of 48 Ca beam 2.5 x Average intensity of ion beam (calendar) ~ 0,5 pμA (calendar) ~ 0,5 pμA

Number of observed decay chains Element Element Element Element Element Element 112 8

8 Planned experiments at U400 cyclotron  48 Ca Bk ( 249 Bk - target)  50 Ti Am ( 50 Ti – beam);  48 Ca Bk ( 249 Bk - target)  50 Ti Am ( 50 Ti – beam); Synthesis of superheavy nuclei: Synthesis of element Z=117: Synthesis of superheavy nuclei: Synthesis of element Z=117: Search for alternative methods for synthesis of SHE, search for nuclei around N=184 closed shell: Search for alternative methods for synthesis of SHE, search for nuclei around N=184 closed shell:  study of fusion mechanisms;  use of ions heavier than 48 Ca;  fusion of accelerated fission fragments,  multi nucleon transfer in damped collisions.  study of fusion mechanisms;  use of ions heavier than 48 Ca;  fusion of accelerated fission fragments,  multi nucleon transfer in damped collisions.

243 Am + 48 Ca 16 new neutron- rich isotopes of the heaviest elements Super symmetric mode of nuclear fission because of shell effect Z=50 and N=82 in both fragments Chemical properties of TRANSACTINIDES (relativistic effect) 249 Bk + 48 Ca

10 Production 249 Bk-target 0.35 mg/cm 2 = 0.88·10 18 at/cm 2 [total ~ 10 mg] 48 Ca-beam 1 pμA = 6·10 12 /s time to collection beam dose 1·10 19 = 19.3d time to collection beam dose 1·10 19 = 19.3d total time = 40 days total time = 40 days Collection efficiency of EVRs (DGFRS) 0.3 Cross section for 3n-4n channels ~2 pb Expected decay number: N = 0.88·10 18 · · 0.3 · 2· = 5 events

11 The goal is the radical rise of overall experiment efficiency (known problems)  Beam time is not sufficient;  The beam intensity is not sufficient;  The area of the U400 experimental hall is not sufficient (150 m 2 );  Pure flexibility for tests and for experiments;  Main experimental set-ups were build in 80-tieth;  The set of accelerated particles is not sufficient;  No optimum beam matching to experiments. Solution: full-scale realization of the DRIBs-project  Beam time is not sufficient;  The beam intensity is not sufficient;  The area of the U400 experimental hall is not sufficient (150 m 2 );  Pure flexibility for tests and for experiments;  Main experimental set-ups were build in 80-tieth;  The set of accelerated particles is not sufficient;  No optimum beam matching to experiments. Solution: full-scale realization of the DRIBs-project

12 DRIBs-IIIDRIBs-III  Modernization of existing accelerators (U400М & U400)  Creation of the new experimental hall (≈ 2600 м 2 )  Development and creation of next generation set-ups  Creation of high current heavy ion accelerator (A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A, I≥10 pµA) (A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A, I≥10 pµA)  Modernization of existing accelerators (U400М & U400)  Creation of the new experimental hall (≈ 2600 м 2 )  Development and creation of next generation set-ups  Creation of high current heavy ion accelerator (A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A, I≥10 pµA) (A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A, I≥10 pµA) ≈ 60 М$

U400M CYCLOTRON

Modernization of the U400M cyclotron 1) to increase the light ion beams intensity by the factor of 4 – 5 for producing of secondary beams, 2) to improve the quality of beams, 3) to increase the maximal energy of accelerated ions up to 100 MeV/A, 4) to improve the radiation safety conditions, 5) to accelerate “low” (6÷15 MeV/A) energy ions (move some experiments from U400 to U400M), 6) to extract the beams to the second direction. 1) to increase the light ion beams intensity by the factor of 4 – 5 for producing of secondary beams, 2) to improve the quality of beams, 3) to increase the maximal energy of accelerated ions up to 100 MeV/A, 4) to improve the radiation safety conditions, 5) to accelerate “low” (6÷15 MeV/A) energy ions (move some experiments from U400 to U400M), 6) to extract the beams to the second direction.

new axial injection line; new axial injection line; new “warm” ECR ion source (DECRIS-2); new “warm” ECR ion source (DECRIS-2); new magnetic structure of the central region of U400MR; new magnetic structure of the central region of U400MR; second beam extraction system; second beam extraction system; new producing target for secondary beams; new producing target for secondary beams; new local radiation shielding; new local radiation shielding; superconducting 18-GHz primary beam ion source DECRIS-SC2 (under testing); superconducting 18-GHz primary beam ion source DECRIS-SC2 (under testing); “warm” 14-GHz secondary beam ion source (under testing). “warm” 14-GHz secondary beam ion source (under testing). new axial injection line; new axial injection line; new “warm” ECR ion source (DECRIS-2); new “warm” ECR ion source (DECRIS-2); new magnetic structure of the central region of U400MR; new magnetic structure of the central region of U400MR; second beam extraction system; second beam extraction system; new producing target for secondary beams; new producing target for secondary beams; new local radiation shielding; new local radiation shielding; superconducting 18-GHz primary beam ion source DECRIS-SC2 (under testing); superconducting 18-GHz primary beam ion source DECRIS-SC2 (under testing); “warm” 14-GHz secondary beam ion source (under testing). “warm” 14-GHz secondary beam ion source (under testing).

Total modernization of the target unit 1) Development design of the disposable, nonseparable, quick-detachable, target block 2) 6 He output diagnostics from the catcher 3) Creation of effective neutron traps around the target 4) Adjustment of the new 14 GHz ion source 5) Generation and acceleration of He 8 Total modernization of the target unit 1) Development design of the disposable, nonseparable, quick-detachable, target block 2) 6 He output diagnostics from the catcher 3) Creation of effective neutron traps around the target 4) Adjustment of the new 14 GHz ion source 5) Generation and acceleration of He 8

New Catcher

18 New 14 GHz Ion Source

19 Low energy beam line (2007) Low energy beam line (2007)

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22 M A S H A

23 Modernization of the U400M cyclotron  The main goals of modernization are achieved (the light ion beams intensity, the quality of beams, acceleration of “low” energy ions)  The critical point becomes the operation stability (now is ≈50%) caused by existing infrastructure  We can not modernize it we need to create the new one  The main goals of modernization are achieved (the light ion beams intensity, the quality of beams, acceleration of “low” energy ions)  The critical point becomes the operation stability (now is ≈50%) caused by existing infrastructure  We can not modernize it we need to create the new one

24 U400 CYCLOTRON U400 CYCLOTRON

5)Cyclotron average magnetic field level from 1.8 to 0.8 T 5)Cyclotron average magnetic field level from 1.8 to 0.8 T U400  U400R goals 2)Ion energy variation on the target with factor 5 1)Beam intensity of masses A ≈ 50 and energy ≈ 6 MeV/n up to 2.5 pμA 1)Beam intensity of masses A ≈ 50 and energy ≈ 6 MeV/n up to 2.5 pμA 3)Energy spread on the target up to )Beam emittance on the target – 10 π mm · mrad 6)New equipment The project is fully prepared!

26 Planned experiments at U400 R cyclotron  48 Ca Bk ( 249 Bk - target)  50 Ti Am ( 50 Ti – beam);  48 Ca Bk ( 249 Bk - target)  50 Ti Am ( 50 Ti – beam); Synthesis of superheavy nuclei: Synthesis of element Z=117: Synthesis of superheavy nuclei: Synthesis of element Z=117: Search for alternative methods for synthesis of SHE, search for nuclei around N=184 closed shell: Search for alternative methods for synthesis of SHE, search for nuclei around N=184 closed shell:  study of fusion mechanisms;  use of ions heavier than 48 Ca;  fusion of accelerated fission fragments,  multi nucleon transfer in damped collisions. Experiments with radioactive beams. Experiments with radioactive beams.  study of fusion mechanisms;  use of ions heavier than 48 Ca;  fusion of accelerated fission fragments,  multi nucleon transfer in damped collisions. Experiments with radioactive beams. Experiments with radioactive beams.

2600м 2

28 Next generation experimental set-ups (under discussion)  Universal gas-filled separator for synthesis and studying of properties of SHE;  Preseparator for radiochemical and mass-spectrometric researches  Cryogenic detector for studying chemical properties of SHE;  Systems for collecting and production of single-charged ions in gas media (gas catcher);  Radiochemical laboratory of II class;  Separator of radioactive neutron rich nuclei for RIB production;  Spectrometer for studying reactions induced by RIBs;  Wide aperture spectrometer of fission fragments;  ………..  Universal gas-filled separator for synthesis and studying of properties of SHE;  Preseparator for radiochemical and mass-spectrometric researches  Cryogenic detector for studying chemical properties of SHE;  Systems for collecting and production of single-charged ions in gas media (gas catcher);  Radiochemical laboratory of II class;  Separator of radioactive neutron rich nuclei for RIB production;  Spectrometer for studying reactions induced by RIBs;  Wide aperture spectrometer of fission fragments;  ………..

29

Main components: Room temperature RFQ and IH-DTL at 108 MHzRoom temperature RFQ and IH-DTL at 108 MHz Superconducting CH-DTL (324 MHz) and QWR (108 MHz)Superconducting CH-DTL (324 MHz) and QWR (108 MHz) Main components: Room temperature RFQ and IH-DTL at 108 MHzRoom temperature RFQ and IH-DTL at 108 MHz Superconducting CH-DTL (324 MHz) and QWR (108 MHz)Superconducting CH-DTL (324 MHz) and QWR (108 MHz) Possible solution for a new accelerator (proposed by GSI and University of Frankfurt) Possible solution for a new accelerator (proposed by GSI and University of Frankfurt) cyclic or linear? “cold” or “warm”?

31 Development of basic facilities for radiation physics, radioisotope production, material science and nanotechnological applications New innovation projects: New innovation projects:  design and construction of a specialized accelerator for BETA project,  use of FLNR facilities in the frame of the International Innovation Centre on Nanotechnology and the special economic zone. Radioecological studies, production of high-purity isotopes ( 178m Hf, 225 Ac, 236 Pu, 237 Pu, …) Radioecological studies, production of high-purity isotopes ( 178m Hf, 225 Ac, 236 Pu, 237 Pu, …) New innovation projects: New innovation projects:  design and construction of a specialized accelerator for BETA project,  use of FLNR facilities in the frame of the International Innovation Centre on Nanotechnology and the special economic zone. Radioecological studies, production of high-purity isotopes ( 178m Hf, 225 Ac, 236 Pu, 237 Pu, …) Radioecological studies, production of high-purity isotopes ( 178m Hf, 225 Ac, 236 Pu, 237 Pu, …)

2010 4, , , , , , ,0 ≈60 М$ Modernization of existing heavy ion cyclotron U400: building of the equipment set and manufacturing of systems2,0 installation, adjustment of systems, launching of U400R Creation of the new FLNR experimental hall requirements specification, project1,0 construction work 5,05,0 gallery, beam lines 2,0 Time schedules & financing

Supporting of experiments Development and creation of experimental set-ups of long term action (“physical” and “chemical” separators, II-class radiochemical laboratory, etc.) Creation of high intensity heavy ion accelerator (A≤100,E≤10 MeV·A,I≥10 pµA) physical motivation, specification of requirements, project manufacturing5,05,010,0 installation, adjustment of systems, launching 1,0

Development of experimental base for radiation physical and radioisotopic investigations (IC100, МТ25, U200) and new innovative projects (DC60М, DC72, ТМ, etc.) projects

FLNR staff policy Staff age distribution Average age More than 60 Scientific divisions (128) (2) 15 (8) 42 (27) 39 (26) Accelerator Divisions (116) (1) 59 (8) 27 (1) CAP (83) (out of budget) (1) 38 (9) 20 (4) PhD + Doctor of Science total (PhD + Doctor of Science) 1.Intake of young scientists from the member states 2.Realization of 7 year program with minimal (or zero) staff increase This year we expect presentation of 10 new dissertations (6 PhD + 4 DSc)

Nuclear physics young staff training JINR University Center JINR University Center Nuclear department of MEPhI (Moscow) Nuclear department of MEPhI (Moscow) Nuclear Department of Dubna University Nuclear Department of Dubna University International nuclear department of ENU (Astana, JINR International nuclear department of ENU (Astana, JINR Nuclear practical training for graduate and post-graduate students at FLNR Nuclear practical training for graduate and post-graduate students at FLNR JINR University Center JINR University Center Nuclear department of MEPhI (Moscow) Nuclear department of MEPhI (Moscow) Nuclear Department of Dubna University Nuclear Department of Dubna University International nuclear department of ENU (Astana, JINR International nuclear department of ENU (Astana, JINR Nuclear practical training for graduate and post-graduate students at FLNR Nuclear practical training for graduate and post-graduate students at FLNR Examples of the projects proposed for students (full list is allocated on the Web page of FLNR – about 100 projects) Examples of the projects proposed for students (full list is allocated on the Web page of FLNR – about 100 projects) Structure and determination of the optimal parameters of the gas- filled separator for registering the products of complete fusion reactions BScMSc V. Utyonkov Gamma and beta spectroscopy of isotopes of trasfermium elements at VASSILISSA separator MScPhD A. Yeremin Measurement of time of flight of radioactive nuclei at ACCULINNA separator with diamond detectors MSc A. Fomichev Study of neutron decay of exotic nuclei BScMSc Yu. Penionzhkevich projectdegreecontact …

37 DRIBs-IIIDRIBs-III  Modernized accelerators (U400М & U400R)  New experimental hall (≈ 2600 м 2 )  Next generation set-ups  High current heavy ion accelerator (A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A, I≥10 pµA) (A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A, I≥10 pµA)  Modernized accelerators (U400М & U400R)  New experimental hall (≈ 2600 м 2 )  Next generation set-ups  High current heavy ion accelerator (A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A, I≥10 pµA) (A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A, I≥10 pµA) ≈ 60 М$

38 Thank you for your attention!