Computer Vulnerabilities & Criminal Activity Identity Theft & Credit Card Fraud 6.1 March 1, 2010 Identity Theft & Credit Card Fraud 6.1 March 1, 2010

Definition of Identity Theft A person commits the crime of identity theft if, without the authorization, consent, or permission of the victim, and with the intent to defraud for his or her own benefit or the benefit of a third person, he or she does any of the following: 1. Obtains, records, or accesses identifying information that would assist in accessing financial resources, obtaining identification documents, or obtaining benefits of the victim. 2. Obtains goods or services through the use of identifying information of the victim. 3. Obtains identification documents in the victim's name. A person commits the crime of identity theft if, without the authorization, consent, or permission of the victim, and with the intent to defraud for his or her own benefit or the benefit of a third person, he or she does any of the following: 1. Obtains, records, or accesses identifying information that would assist in accessing financial resources, obtaining identification documents, or obtaining benefits of the victim. 2. Obtains goods or services through the use of identifying information of the victim. 3. Obtains identification documents in the victim's name. US Legal Definitions

Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act 18 U.S.C § 1028 Makes it a federal crime to: “knowingly transfers or uses, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person with the intent to commit, or to aid or abet, any unlawful activity that constitutes a violation of Federal law, or that constitutes a felony under any applicable State or local law” Makes it a federal crime to: “knowingly transfers or uses, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person with the intent to commit, or to aid or abet, any unlawful activity that constitutes a violation of Federal law, or that constitutes a felony under any applicable State or local law”

Connecticut Criminal Law - Identity Theft odes/title53a/sec53a-129a.html odes/title53a/sec53a-129a.html

Protected Information  Name  Date of birth  Social Security number  Driver's license number  Financial services account numbers, including checking and savings accounts  Credit or debit card numbers  Name  Date of birth  Social Security number  Driver's license number  Financial services account numbers, including checking and savings accounts  Credit or debit card numbers  Personal identification numbers (PIN)  Electronic identification codes  Automated or electronic signatures  Biometric data  Fingerprints  Passwords  Parent's legal surname prior to marriage  Personal identification numbers (PIN)  Electronic identification codes  Automated or electronic signatures  Biometric data  Fingerprints  Passwords  Parent's legal surname prior to marriage

States with Mandatory ID Theft Investigation  California  Louisiana  Minnesota  California  Louisiana  Minnesota

Motivation for Identity Theft Financial Desires Greed Strain Theory Financial Desires Greed Strain Theory

Individuals Committing Identity Theft  Individuals  May have some relationship to the victim  Often have no prior criminal record  Illegal Immigrants  Methamphetamine Users  Career Criminals  Gangs  Hells Angels  MS-13  Foreign Organized Crime Groups  Asia  Eastern Europe  Individuals  May have some relationship to the victim  Often have no prior criminal record  Illegal Immigrants  Methamphetamine Users  Career Criminals  Gangs  Hells Angels  MS-13  Foreign Organized Crime Groups  Asia  Eastern Europe

Victims of Identity Theft  Higher education / higher income  Age  Married  Basically, individuals most likely to have a good credit rating / credit history  Higher education / higher income  Age  Married  Basically, individuals most likely to have a good credit rating / credit history

Methods of Obtaining Identity Information  Dumpster Diving  Skimming  Phishing  Change of Address  Theft of Personal Property  Pretexting / Social Engineering  Dumpster Diving  Skimming  Phishing  Change of Address  Theft of Personal Property  Pretexting / Social Engineering

How the Internet is used for ID Theft  Hackers  Interception of transmissions - retailer to credit card processor  Firewall penetration - data search  Access to underlying applications  Social Engineering / Phishing / Pretexting  Malware / Spyware / Keystroke Loggers  Hackers  Interception of transmissions - retailer to credit card processor  Firewall penetration - data search  Access to underlying applications  Social Engineering / Phishing / Pretexting  Malware / Spyware / Keystroke Loggers

Crimes Following Identity Theft  Credit Card Fraud  Phone/Utility Fraud  Bank/Finance Fraud  Government Document Fraud  Employment Fraud  Medical Fraud  Misrepresentation during arrest  Credit Card Fraud  Phone/Utility Fraud  Bank/Finance Fraud  Government Document Fraud  Employment Fraud  Medical Fraud  Misrepresentation during arrest

Problem with Identity Theft Investigation  Lapse of time between crime and the time the crime is reported  Monetary amount  Jurisdiction  Anonymity  Lapse of time between crime and the time the crime is reported  Monetary amount  Jurisdiction  Anonymity

Identity Theft Investigation  /law-enforcement/investigations.html /law-enforcement/investigations.html  Identity Theft Data Clearing House  Identity Theft Transaction Records  Subpoena or victim’s permission  Request for documents  Must be in writing  Authorized by the victim  Be sent address specified by the business  Allow the business 30 days to respond  /law-enforcement/investigations.html /law-enforcement/investigations.html  Identity Theft Data Clearing House  Identity Theft Transaction Records  Subpoena or victim’s permission  Request for documents  Must be in writing  Authorized by the victim  Be sent address specified by the business  Allow the business 30 days to respond

Credit Card Fraud “Wide-ranging term for theft and fraud committed using a credit card or any similar payment mechanism as a fraudulent source of funds in a transaction.” Wikipedia

“Carding” “The unauthorized use of credit and debit card account information to fraudulently purchase goods and services.” “The unauthorized use of credit and debit card account information to fraudulently purchase goods and services.” DATA BREACHES:WHAT THE UNDERGROUND WORLD OF “CARDING” REVEALS - US DOJ

Carding Terminology  Dumps - information electronically copied from the magnetic stripe on the back of credit and debit cards.  Track 1 is alpha-numeric and contains the customer’s name and account number  Track 2 is numeric and contains the account number, expiration date, the secure code (known as the CVV),and discretionary institution data.  PIN - Personal Information Number  BIN - Bank Information Number  Dumps - information electronically copied from the magnetic stripe on the back of credit and debit cards.  Track 1 is alpha-numeric and contains the customer’s name and account number  Track 2 is numeric and contains the account number, expiration date, the secure code (known as the CVV),and discretionary institution data.  PIN - Personal Information Number  BIN - Bank Information Number

Carding Terminology cont.  Full Info” or “Fulls” - a package of data about a victim, including for example address, phone number, social security number, credit or debit account numbers and PINs, credit history report, mother’s maiden name, and other personal identifying information

How Credit Card Information Obtained Online  In bulk from hackers who have compromised large databases  s.htm s.htm  Phishing  Malware  In bulk from hackers who have compromised large databases  s.htm s.htm  Phishing  Malware

Types of Carding  Carding Online  Using stolen credit cards to purchase goods & services online  Carding to a drop - having goods sent to another physical address  Cobs - changing billing address with credit card company  Carding Online  Using stolen credit cards to purchase goods & services online  Carding to a drop - having goods sent to another physical address  Cobs - changing billing address with credit card company

Types of Carding cont.  In-Store Carding  Presenting a counterfeit credit card that had been encoded with stolen account information to a cashier at a physical retail store location  More risky  Higher level of sophistication  In-Store Carding  Presenting a counterfeit credit card that had been encoded with stolen account information to a cashier at a physical retail store location  More risky  Higher level of sophistication

Types of Carding cont.  Cashing  The act of obtaining money, rather than retail goods and services, with the unauthorized use of stolen financial information  Pin Cashing - Using dump information to encode a strip on a card to use at ATMs  Cashing  The act of obtaining money, rather than retail goods and services, with the unauthorized use of stolen financial information  Pin Cashing - Using dump information to encode a strip on a card to use at ATMs

Types of Carding cont.  Gift Card Vending  Purchasing gift cards from retail merchants at their physical stores using counterfeit credit cards and reselling such cards for a percentage of their actual value  Sales maybe online or face-to-face  Gift Card Vending  Purchasing gift cards from retail merchants at their physical stores using counterfeit credit cards and reselling such cards for a percentage of their actual value  Sales maybe online or face-to-face

Carding Forums Online  Tutorials on different types of carding-related activities  Private and public message posting enabling members to buy and sell blocks of stolen account information and other goods and services  Hyperlinks for hacking tools and downloadable computer code to assist in network intrusions;  Other exploits such as source code for phishing webpages  Lists of proxies  Areas designated for naming and banning individuals who steal from other members  Tutorials on different types of carding-related activities  Private and public message posting enabling members to buy and sell blocks of stolen account information and other goods and services  Hyperlinks for hacking tools and downloadable computer code to assist in network intrusions;  Other exploits such as source code for phishing webpages  Lists of proxies  Areas designated for naming and banning individuals who steal from other members

Carding Websites (all disabled)          

Sample Carding Web Sites