Essential Math of Chemistry “No human endeavor can be called science if it can not be demonstrated mathematically.” Leonardo da Vinci ( )

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Mathematics of Chemistry Keys Mathematics of ChemistryMathematics of Chemistry (key)(key) Mathematics of ChemistryMathematics of Chemistry (key)(key)

The Importance of Units Units must be carried into the answer, unless they cancel kg-m s2s2 5.2 kg (2.9 m) (18 s)(1.3 s) = 4.8 kg (23 s) (5.2 s)(37 s) = 0.57 kg s

Basic Algebra Solve the following for x. x + y = z – y x = z – y x and y are connected by addition. Separate them using subtraction. In general, use opposing functions to separate things. The +y and –y cancel on the left, leaving us with…

Basic Algebra Solve for x. x – 24 = x = 37 x and 24 are connected by subtraction. Separate them using the opposite function: addition. The –24 and +24 cancel on the left, leaving us with…

Basic Algebra Solve for x. F = k x kk x = F k __ x and k are connected by multiplication. Separate them using the opposite function: division. () __1 k F = k x () __1 k (or) The two k’s cancel on the left, leaving us with…

x = 8 7 __ Basic Algebra Solve for x. 8 = 7 x 77 x and 7 are connected by multiplication. Separate them using the opposite function: division. () __1 7 8 = 7 x () __1 7 (or) The two 7’s cancel on the right, leaving us with…

___ BAH TR x = Basic Algebra Solve for x. ___ x BA = TR H ___ BAH = xTR One way to solve this is to cross-multiply. BAH = xTR Then, divide both sides by TR. The answer is… 1 TR () ___1 TR () ___

Solve for T 2, where… P 1 = 1.08 atm P 2 = 0.86 atm V 1 = 3.22 L V 2 = 1.43 L T 1 = 373 K P 1 V 1 T 2 = P 2 V 2 T 1 ____ T1T1 P1V1P1V1 = P2V2P2V2 T2T2 1 P1V1P1V1 () 1 P1V1P1V1 () T 2 = P1V1P1V1 ______ P2V2T1P2V2T1 130 T 2 = (1.08 atm)(3.22 L) _____________________ (0.85 atm)(1.43 L)(373 K) = K

A General Procedure for Solving Problems Read the problem carefully and make a list of the “knowns” and the ‘unknowns” Look up all needed information –Y–Your lecture notes will have much, if not all, of the needed information Work out a plan and, following your plan, obtain an answer by carrying out the required math. Check over your work –T–This is best done by estimating your answer –A–Ask yourself: “Does the answer seem reasonable?”

How to Succeed in Chemistry Learn the language Use the illustrations Review your notes frequently Work as many problems as possible Do NOT cram for exams.

Hollow Penny Data Table Pre-1982Post-1982 with scratches Initial mass g2.354 g2.329 g Final mass g2.304 g0.130 g What metal disappeared from the penny...copper or zinc? Score side of penny in 3 locations Place penny in HCl acid overnight Percent Composition

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KEYS - Intro. to Chemistry WorksheetWorksheet - vocabulary vocabulary Worksheetvocabulary WorksheetWorksheet - material safety data sheet (acetone) material safety data sheetacetone Worksheetmaterial safety data sheetacetone ActivityActivity - checkbook activity Activity WorksheetWorksheet - graphing graphing Worksheetgraphing WorksheetWorksheet - real life chemistry real life chemistry Worksheetreal life chemistry WorksheetWorksheet - conversion factors conversion factors Worksheetconversion factors WorksheetWorksheet - scientific notation scientific notation Worksheetscientific notation WorksheetWorksheet - metric article (questions) metric article (questions) Worksheetmetric article (questions) WorksheetWorksheet - significant digits significant digits Worksheetsignificant digits WorksheetWorksheet - math review Worksheet Worksheet - math of chemistry math of chemistry Worksheetmath of chemistry (general) Outline (general) Outline WorksheetWorksheet - article on the metric system article on the metric system Worksheetarticle on the metric system LabLab – introduction to qualitative analysis introduction to qualitative analysis Labintroduction to qualitative analysis TextbookTextbook - questions questions Textbookquestions

LabLab – introduction to qualitative analysis Lab Resources - Intro. to Chemistry WorksheetWorksheet - vocabulary Worksheet Worksheet - material safety data sheet (acetone) (acetone) Worksheet(acetone) ActivityActivity - checkbook activity Activity WorksheetWorksheet - graphing Worksheet Worksheet - real life chemistry Worksheet Worksheet - conversion factors Worksheet Worksheet - scientific notation Worksheet Worksheet - metric article (questions) Worksheet Worksheet - significant digits Worksheet Worksheet - math review Worksheet Worksheet - math of chemistry Worksheet (general) Outline (general)general Outlinegeneral WorksheetWorksheet - article on the metric system Worksheet TextbookTextbook - questions Textbook Episode 1Episode 1 - The World of Chemistry Episode 4Episode 4 - Modeling The Unseen Episode 3 Episode 3 – Measurement: The Foundation of Chemistry General Chemistry PP