IMPORTANT LANDMARK CASES THAT DEFINED THE SUPREME COURT I : Three Cases that help define the role of Federal Power. A. Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review (made the Supreme Court a strong third branch of govt. B. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) ruled that in a conflict between national and state power, the national govt. is supreme-legal concept of federalism, supremacy clause, and necessary and proper clause were illustrated. C. Gibbons v. Ogden- established that Congress could regulate interstate commerce- Legal concept of Commerce Clause and Federalism defined.

Cases involving Civil Liberties A: Brown v. Board of Education: (1954) overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which said that African Americans could be provided with “separate but equal” public facilities; began school integration. Legal concept- equal protection under the law A: Brown v. Board of Education: (1954) overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which said that African Americans could be provided with “separate but equal” public facilities; began school integration. Legal concept- equal protection under the law Roe V. Wade: (1973) Legalized a woman’s right to an abortion under certain circumstances-legal concept of right to privacy. Roe V. Wade: (1973) Legalized a woman’s right to an abortion under certain circumstances-legal concept of right to privacy. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education: (1971) mandated that segregated schools be integrated. Began busing and desegregation of school system.-Legal concept upheld Brown v. Board of Education and ending “separate but equal” Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education: (1971) mandated that segregated schools be integrated. Began busing and desegregation of school system.-Legal concept upheld Brown v. Board of Education and ending “separate but equal” Bush v. Gore: (2000) ruled that Florida recount of presidential votes violated 14 th Amendment; recount stopped and Bush became president. –Legal concept: equal protection under the law. Bush v. Gore: (2000) ruled that Florida recount of presidential votes violated 14 th Amendment; recount stopped and Bush became president. –Legal concept: equal protection under the law.

Two cases that defined the Rights of the Accused? Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) : stated that a person accused of a major crime had the right to legal counsel during a trial. Legal concept- Due Process Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) : stated that a person accused of a major crime had the right to legal counsel during a trial. Legal concept- Due Process Miranda v. Arizona (1966): ruled that at the time of arrest suspects cannot be questioned until informed of their rights. Legal concept-Self incrimination. Miranda v. Arizona (1966): ruled that at the time of arrest suspects cannot be questioned until informed of their rights. Legal concept-Self incrimination. “You have the right to remain silent, anything you say can be used against you in a court proceeding.” “You have the right to remain silent, anything you say can be used against you in a court proceeding.”

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