MJO Insights from the S-PolKa radar in DYNAMO Robert A. Houze, Jr. H. C. Barnes, S. W. Powell, A. K. Rowe, M. Zuluaga University of Washington Symposium.

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Presentation transcript:

MJO Insights from the S-PolKa radar in DYNAMO Robert A. Houze, Jr. H. C. Barnes, S. W. Powell, A. K. Rowe, M. Zuluaga University of Washington Symposium on Progress of MJO Research Through Field Campaigns, Sapporo, Japan, July 2014

Before DYNAMO

Connected MCSs Separated MCSs Other high cloud systems ActiveSuppressed Yuan and Houze 2012 …rainfall in the MJO is dominated by the largest mesoscale convective systems From the A-Train constellation…

TRMM radar shows how the scale of individual convective entities vary with phase of the MJO Barnes and Houze 2013 Shallow Isolated Echoes Deep Convective Cores Broad Stratiform Regions Wide Convective Cores Active conditions Suppressed conditions

Linking S-PolKa to Satellite Observations

S-PolKa Radar Rainfall at Addu Atoll in DYNAMO Powell and Houze 2013 OLR

Rain seen by the S-PolKa radar in DYNAMO Zuluaga and Houze 2013 October Active Period November Active Period December Active Period Occurred in “episodes” separated by ~2-7 days Filter and composite

Temporal and Spatial Scales of the Echoes Examples Broad Stratiform echo Intense embedded cores Isolated weak echoes Wider embedded cores From Powell and Houze 2013

Variation of the DYNAMO radar echo population relative to a precpitation episode Zuluaga and Houze 2013 Composite of all 2-day rainfall episodes

S-PolKa’s view of the early phase of a deep convective outbreak

6 October UTC Rowe & Houze 2014?

6 October 8 km 1330 UTC (44deg) Rain Echo-top heights Number cells UTC Rowe & Houze 2014?

1216 UTC 10 October Rain Echo-top heights Number cells 0953 UTC km

Cold pool & cell Tracking Track cells (max height, reflectivity, rain rate) and estimate maximum diameter of resulting cold pools Describe characteristics of new convection initiating along cold pool boundaries – Deeper convection forms on intersecting boundaries compared to convection forming on single cold pools (consistent with Zhe Feng’s modeling results) – More cells, more intersecting boundaries, deeper convection as move toward active phase 12 Oct 24 Oct

Microphysical aspects of deep convection

Stratiform region Convective region Composite microphysics in an individual MCS Barnes and Houze 2014

Rowe and Houze (2014) Wet aggregates Dry aggregates Non-oriented ice Graupel Combined microphysical characteristics of MCSs

Apparent large-scale control of MJO convective outbreaks

Echo Height Statistics for all of DYNAMO Powell & Houze 2013

Suppressed periods Active periods Powell & Houze 2014

Transition back to suppressed

For example 31 October Rowe & Houze 2015?

Conclusions from S-PolKa Mesoscale systems with stratiform regions are the biggest change in cloud population Episodes of deep & mesoscale convective outbreaks are ~2-6 days, not continuous for whole MJO active period Synoptic-scale waves control episodes Lines of nonprecipitating cumulus mark beginning of episodes Cold pools start developing with first rainshowers and interact to produce ever deeper convection Microphysics are similar in all convective and all stratiform rain elements, but vary quantitatively from cloud to cloud Mesoscale systems suppressed or allowed (not caused) by large-scale upper tropospheric motions

Coming in September 2014

End This research was supported by NASA grants NNX13AQ37G, NNX12AJ82G, & NNX13AG71G DOE grants DE-SC & PNNL

Extra Slides

TRMM Radar Observations of the MJO over the Indian Ocean Phase 7 Active PhaseSuppressed Phase Deep Convective Cores Broad Stratiform Rain Areas

Zuluaga and Houze 2013 Composite large-scale divergence and vertical motion during 2-day rainfall episodes Divergence

October Rain Echo-top heights Number cells

For example 31 October

Time scales obscured by compositing