1 Ethics of Computing MONT 113G, Spring 2012 Session 29 Privacy.

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1 Ethics of Computing MONT 113G, Spring 2012 Session 29 Privacy

2 Privacy in IT societies What's new? What's different about information flow in IT societies from previous societies? Previous modes of information flow: Typewriters Cash Registers U.S. Mail Paper hard to store and search Characteristics of IT information flow: Flows quickly and easily Reproducible Personal information is recorded, tracked and spread Difficult to remove information Easy to store and search

3 What Else is New? Tools for Data Mining and Managing Databases. Did not emerge in a vacuum (technological determinism) Emerged in response to government and corporate interests. New Kinds of information. Transaction generated information (TGI) Examples: Credit card Clickstream

4 Merging and Mining Data When different types of information is merged and then mined for patterns, this can produce new types of information. Examples: Clickstream profile Amazon.com recommendations Facebook friends--gaydar

5 Other Issues Distribution of information is broader and more extensive than before. Example: Credit rating. Once on a server, information can be bought, sold, given away or stolen. Information endures. Example: Images on Facebook. Errors are very hard to correct.

6 IT Societies are Surveillance Societies IT allows people to be easily tracked and monitored. Examples? Data can be used to create profiles of individuals. The data can be "mined" for patterns of behavior. Questions raised: What is the value of privacy? How does surveillance affect us and our society?

7 Why Worry About Privacy? Arguments for not worrying about privacy: 1.If you aren't doing anything wrong, you don't need to worry. Counter-arguments?

8 Privacy is Overrated Arguments for not worrying about privacy. 2) People easily trade away personal information for benefits. Therefore they don't value privacy much. Counter-arguments?

9 Information gathering is good for you Arguments for not worrying about privacy. 3) Information gathering is good for companies and their customers. Companies can offer products tailored to customer's likes and dislikes. Example: Mortgage lender can determine whether a person is likely to pay back a loan. Companies can target ads or discount offers. Counter-arguments?

10 Privacy as an Individual Good The "right to privacy" is legally complicated. Based on 1st and 4th amendments Protects citizens from intrusion by governments Corporations treated like persons How do we protect individual's privacy from corporations? Privacy act of 1974 legislates some rights.

11 Privacy as a Value Is privacy an intrinsic or instrumental value? Fried (1968): Friendship, intimacy and trust cannot develop in societies under constant surveillance. (E.g. Orwell's 1984) Rachels (1975): Privacy is required for diversity of relationships. Control of information about ourselves is important for our autonomy. Need to release information about ourselves in some contexts, but should have control over whether it flows to other places.