GENOCIDE

INDEX Definition of Genocide Historical Background Armenian Genocide Defendant vs. Opponent

Definition of Genocide The term “genocide” did not exist before 1944. In 1944, Raphael Lemkin sought to describe Nazi policies of systematic murder. He combined geno- which came from Greek word with –cide which came from Latin word for killing.

General Assembly Resolution 260A (III) Article 2 (a) Killing members of the group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group

Historical Background The Holocaust (1939-1945) The Stalinist Era in the USSR (1929-1953) The Killing Fields of Cambodia (1975-1978) The Rwandan Massacre (1994) The Bosnian Genocide (1992-1995)

Holocaust (1939-1945) Done by Hitler against Jews Approximately 7 million Final solution to the Jewish question

Two German Jewish families at a gathering before the war Two German Jewish families at a gathering before the war. Only two people in this group survived the Holocaust.

The Stalinist Era in the USSR (1929-1953) Nearly 7 million people got killed Known as ‘’Holodomor’’ Struggle for independence

The Killing Fields of Cambodia (1975-1978) Nearly 20% of Cambodia’s population died Khmer Rouge regime led by Pol Pot In order to purification of the populace

The Rwandan Massacre (1994) Approximately 800,000 people dead Ethnic tensions between Hutus vs. Tutsis French intervention

The Bosnian Genocide (1992-1995) Nearly 100,000 people died Struggle for independence Serbians killed Bosnian Muslims

Bosnian Genocide Bosnia-Herzegovina composed of three main ethnic groups : Bosniak, Serbs and Croat, as well as Yugoslav. Serbs targeted Bosniak and Crotian civilians which known as “ethnic cleansing”. Largest massacre in Europe since the Holocaust.

So-called Armenian Genocide 1915

Started in 1915 when Ottoman authorities arrested some 250 Armenian leaders in Istanbul Estimated death was between 1 - 1,5 million Ottomans forced Armenians to deports without food and water During that deports Ottomans raped, massacred and robbed the Armenians

The Armenian Genocide Two different views Defendant Opponent

DEFENDANT

The countries who recognized the Armenian Genocide ██ The countries who partly recognized

World Council of Churches Human Rights Association (Turkey) The Organizations who recognized the Armenian Genocide European Parliament Council of Europe World Council of Churches Human Rights Association (Turkey)

Resolution in 1987 by European Parliament

Genocide Convention Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide – 1948 Ethiopia was the first – 1949 Number of the member state 140 Turkey became member on July 31, 1950

Orhan Pamuk He also recognized the Armenian Genocide He was forced to flee abroad In Frankfurt, he said that he had to break his nation’s biggest taboo

OPPONENT

In Switzerland, it is crime to deny Armenian Genocide As an example, the leader of IP D. Perinçek was prosecuted by Swiss government, in 2005

Opponent Turkey advocate that it was not a genocide Azerbaijan Denmark Britain – just recognized as massacre Bulgaria Israel

Stanford Shaw Worked on Armenian Genocide ‘’There is no Armenian Genocide’’ Threatened by Armenians Sabotaged by Armenians

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