Unit 1

 Earth has 24 time zones.  United States has six.  Pacific, Mountain, Central and Eastern are the four time zones in the continental United States.  Think about how the television stations report when your favorite shows come on (ex-7 central) GLEs: 1

 The International Dateline located at 180 degrees longitude starts and ends each day based on time 1972  The pace observatory in Greenwich, England is where all time was based until 1972  Today we rely on Coordinated Universal Time which the world regulates clocks and time.

 The earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours. For this reason, the earth is divided into 24 standard time zones, one time zone for each hour in the day.  The earth rotates towards the east  which means that if you cross into the next time zone to the east, it is one hour later. If you cross into the next time zone in the west, it is one hour earlier. TIME ZONES

The International Date Line plays an important role in time zones. It is located at 180 degrees longitude. Crossing the IDL travelling east results in a day or 24 hours being subtracted, so that the traveller repeats the date to the west of the line. Crossing west results in a day being added, that is, the date is the eastern side date plus one calendar day. The line is necessary in order to have a fixed boundary on the globe where the calendar date advances

 You will work on basic knowledge skills concerning timezones and map usage first  Next you will plan a fictional trip starting in New Orleans and ending in New Orleans, but between leaving and returning you will venture to different countries and have to figure out time changes during travel abroad.  If you call home, you want to make sure people are awake to talk, right?

 A map is defined as a representation, normally to scale and on a flat medium, of a selection of material or abstract features on, or in relation to, the surface of the Earth.  tool to communicate geographical concepts such as the distribution of population densities, climate, movement of goods, land use etc

 Data display  Displaying information  Data stores  Storage of spatial relationship  information between map feature  Spatial indexes  Boundaries of areas I.e., land use, soil type,etc.  Data analysis  Test hypotheses by observing spatial relationships between map featuresI.e., clusters of people with certain sicknesse

 Reference map  Shows the simplest properties of the map data  Often display political boundaries, streams,  roads, and towns  Thematic map  Show colored, grouped, or coded information on  a particular theme  Topographic  reference tool, showing the outlines of selected natural and man-made features of the Earth  Inset Map  Occasionally, data and observations may be densely cluttered in small sections of a map  The mapmaker provides insets to zoom in to these cluttered location

 Usually colored by country or by state  Political colors make it easy to compare size, shape, and location  Bold letters often make the country names stand out  Symbols make it easy to tell capitals from other cities  Political maps also name certain physical features, such as rivers and lakes

 Has colors that make natural patterns stand out  The colors on the map can stand for types of vegetation, mountain, and natural features  Names of big natural features are easy to see  Physical maps also include some political information, such as boundaries

 The climate of a place is the weather it has season by season, year after year  Rainfall and temperature are climate’s main ingredients  Climate is affected by elevation, distance from the ocean, and latitude

These maps show how land is being used. This might refer to:  vegetation  crops being grown  forest vs. Agriculture  mines and wells  city zoning.

Contour lines represent the elevation at that line. If you were to walk across a line, you are changing elevation.

Maps that show elevation change by using color or shading.

 What is the average elevation of most of this state? Elevation Map

These maps generally represent a small area with a lot of detail. They show elevation with contour lines, natural and man-made features.

1. This map represents a small area with lots of detail. It has contour lines as well as natural and man-made features. _______________ 2. This map uses colors to show height above sea level. ____________________________ 3. These colorful maps show lines that people use to divide countries and states. They also show major cities. _____________________ 4. These maps show physical features on the Earth like rivers, mountains, and deserts. ____________________________ 5. These maps show how land is being used. For example, they might show which crops are being grown or what animals are being raised. __________________________ 6. These maps show climate regions. ___________________

 ·Geographers use two- and three-dimensional tools to learn about the earth.  ·Geographers use computer-assisted technology to study the use of the earth’s surface.

 A map projection is any method of representing the surface of a sphere or other three- dimensional body on a plane.  Map projections are necessary for creating maps.  All map projections distort the surface in some fashion.  map projections exist in order to preserve some properties of the sphere-like body at the expense of other properties

 Projections measure the Earth's surface independently of its geography. Certain properties must be paid attention to:  Area Area  Shape Shape  Direction Direction  Bearing Bearing  Distance Distance  Scale Scale

 Compromise projection is a projection onto a cylinder.  Shows the entire earth on one map  Types  Mercater  Homolosine  Robinson

 Mercater  cylindrical map projection presented by the Belgian geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator, in 1569  The shapes of the continents are distorted at the poles and somewhat compressed near the equator  EX) the island of Greenland is actually 1/8 the size of South America

 Homolosine  Also called the interupted map  Shows the accurate shapes and sizes of the land, but distance is distorted.

 Robinson  Common in textbooks  Shows earth with nearly true sizes and shapes of continents/oceans  Problem-Shapes of land near poles appear flat

 Planar Projections  Projection on a flat surface  Also called Azimuthal projection  Distorts the size and shape

 Azimunthal  Shows the earth so that a line from the central point to any other point on the map gives the shortest distance between two points  Size and shape are distorted

 Projection onto a cone  Shows shape fairly accurately  Distorts landmasses at the edges of the map

Which of the following projections would be most useful in comparing the land area of the continents? 1.Mercator projection 2.Conic projection 3.Azimuthal projection 4. Interrupted projection

Identifying parts of a map using the Louisiana State Highway Map

 GPS: Global Positioning System -a space-based global navigation satellite system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites  GIS: Geographic information System designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographically referenced data. In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical analysis, and database technology.

The compass rose is a symbol located on most maps to show directions

A map legend or key is a part of a map that tells the meaning of symbols found on a map

MAP LEGEND

A map scale is a tool on most maps used to show distance

Verbal and Graphic representations of map distance scales

 The index tells you where to find a specific place on a map. Depending on the size and type of map you're using, the index can help you locate a city, town, or street.

Where are the Parish Seats?