Regions of Europe The British Isles Western Europe Northern Europe Mediterranean Europe Eastern Europe

British Isles Two Islands:  Britain  Ireland Two Nations:  United Kingdom  Ireland United Kingdom:  England  Scotland  Wales  Northern Ireland

Climate Marine West Coast: Humid, moist Climate that is moderated by warm ocean currents

Historical Geography Pagan tribes were settled in the British Isles prior to the Roman arrival in the 1st century BCE. Romans remained for about 5 centuries (remnants include Hadrians Wall). Angles and Saxons settled as the Romans departed, followed by Nordic tribes (Vikings) in the 9th century, who plundered the Christian churches in the area. England gets its name from the Angles or Engles, which were Germanic tribes from the Mainland. Ireland was less affected by the AngloSaxons and Nordic tribes Ireland retained its Gaelic heritage. Most Irish were converted to Roman Catholicism in the 5th and 6th centuries (recall St. Patrick)

British Empire  Grew in strength during the Middle Ages  World Conquests: to the Americas, Africa, South Asia (India), SE Asia, Australia, South Pacific.  The British built colonies in every part of the world.  Empire declined in the 20th century, after World War II.  Colonies too expensive to maintain  Colonies demanded independence

Modern Great Britain  Capital City: London  Major Cities: Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Leeds, Edinburgh, Sheffield, Manchester  Currency: Pound Sterling(£)  Government: Constitutional Monarchy  Governing Assembly: Parliament  Main Religion: Christian/Protestant– Anglican  Economy: 5 th largest in the world

Modern Ireland  Capital City: Dublin  Major Cities: Cork, Galway  Currency: Euro(€)  Main Religion: Christian/Roman Catholic  Historic Events: Irish Potato Famine ( ) Over 1 million died Over 1 million emigrated to other countries Irish Home Rule (1921) Independence

REVIEW QUIZ E1 Write the best answers to the following questions. Use your notes for help.

REVIEW QUIZ E1 1 The United Kingdom’s currency is:

REVIEW QUIZ E1 2 The best example of a push factor in today’s notes is:

REVIEW QUIZ E1 3 What were the results of the Irish Potato Famine?

REVIEW QUIZ E1 4 The United Kingdom is made up of:

REVIEW QUIZ E1 5 Why did the British Empire decline after World War II?