Ocean Projects in IGBP II today

IMBER at its most fundamental Interactions, Sensitivities, Feedbacks

IMBER Science Plan and Implementation Strategy, 2005

IMBER SSC Julie Hall (Chair), New Zealand Dennis Hansell (Vice-Chair), USA Patrick Monfray (Vice-Chair), France Ann Bucklin, USA Jay Cullen, Canada Wilco Hazeleger, Netherlands David Hutchins, USA Arne Körtzinger, Germany Carina Lange, Chile Jack Middelburg, Netherlands Coleen Moloney, South Africa Wajih Naqvi, India Raymond Pollard, United Kingdom Hiroaki Saito, Japan Carol Turley, United Kingdom Jing Zhang, China Brest, 2006

Theme 1. Interactions between Biogeochemical Cycles and Marine Food Webs - Transformation of organic matter in marine food webs - Transfers of matter across ocean interfaces - End-to-end food webs and material flows (IMBER/GLOBEC) Theme 2. Sensitivity to Global Change - Impacts of climate-induced changes through physical forcing and variability - Effects of increasing anthropogenic CO2 and changing pH on marine biogeochemical cycles, ecosystems and their interactions (IMBER/SOLAS: Joint Implementation plan) - Effects of changing supplies of macro- and micronutrients - Impacts of harvesting of marine ressources on end-to-end food webs and biogeochemical cycles (IMBER/GLOBEC) Theme 3. Feedbacks to the Earth System - Oceanic storage of anthropogenic CO2 - Ecosystem feedback on ocean physics and climate Theme 4: Responses of Society IMBER Themes and Issues

Joint IMBER/GLOBEC End-to-End Food Web Task Team Joint SOLAS/IMBER Carbon Research Group Joint LOICZ/IMBER Continental Margins Task Team Capacity Building Task Team Data Management Committee Working groups

Ongoing activities: Preparation of a manuscript describing: (i) why we need to tackle end-to-end food webs in our studies (ii) what the key challenges are and how we can meet them (iii) how we can make headway in the experimental, observational and modeling components of the marine end- to-end food webs Recommendations for the creation of a end-to-end food webs working group jointly with GLOBEC by the end of 2007 End-To-End Food Webs: Joint IMBER/GLOBEC Task Team Membership: Coleen Moloney (South Africa, co-chair); Mike St John (Germany, co-chair); Ken Denman (Canada); Dave Karl (USA); Fritz Köster (Denmark); Svein Sundby (Norway); Rory Wilson (UK)

Flows/ interactions End-to-End Food Webs Cartoon Organisms/ nutrients “inputs” (e.g. light) “outputs” (e.g. POM) Effects of perturbations can be amplified and/or dampened. To understand these dynamics requires interdisciplinary studies across many scales of interest perturbation (e.g. climate, fishing)

Joint SOLAS-IMBER Carbon Research Group Membership: Arne Koertzinger (Germany, co- Chair) Truls Johannessen (Norway, co- Chair) Niki Gruber (Switzerland) Nicolas Metzl (France) Britton Stephens (USA) Gerhard Herndl (Netherlands) Ken Johnson (USA) Kitack Lee (Korea) Kevin Arrigo (USA) Toshiro Saino (Japan) Hermann Bange (Germany) Dick Feely (USA) IMBER Report no. 1 (February 2006)

US Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) OCB SSC Membership: Scott Doney (WHOI) - Chair Bob Anderson (LDEO) Ginger Armbrust (UW) Kathy Barbeau (Scripps) Debbie Bronk (VIMS) Mary-Elena Carr (JPL) Richard Feely (NOAA/PMEL) Dave Karl (U Hawaii) Joanie Kleypas (NCAR) Steve Lohrenz (USMississippi) Wade McGillis (LDEO) Brent McKee (UNC) Galen McKinley (U Wisconsin) Mark Ohman (Scripps) Tammi Richardson (USCarolina) Chris Sabine (NOAA/PMEL) IMBER will interface with a US program, with an SSC organized by NSF in 2006 Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) will host an AGU Town Hall Meeting OCB is a new multi-disciplinary oceanographic program Date: Thursday, 14 December. Time: 1815h h Location: Salons Mary Zawoysky if you would like to brief presentation (few minutes / 1 slide)

Contributing and Endorsed Projects BIOSOPE Biogeochemistry and Optics South Pacific Experiment (part of PROOF, ) National CHINESE IMBER/GLOBEC (5 years, ) The marine carbon cycle from North to South of the Galathea route August 2006-April 2007 ECOMADR Integration Analysis of North Adriatic Marine Ecosystem January September 2007 EUR-OCEANS European Network of Excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis, 60 research institutions and universities from 25 countries ( ) CARBOOCEAN Integrated Project Carboocean – Evaluation of the sources and sinks of marine carbon, 47 international groups( ) Major contributors (M.O.U) Endorsed projects

IMBER Regional Activities ICED Integrated Analyses of Circumpolar Climate Interactions and Ecosystem Dynamics in the Southern Ocean, conjoint avec GLOBEC OECOS Ecosystem Comparison in the Oceanic subartic Pacific (asian side funded) PRIMO Formation and dynamics of the Oxygen Minimum Zone in the Peru- Chile Current System (not funded yet) BOUM Biogeochemistry from oligotrophic to the ultra oligotrophic Mediteranean Sea (partially funded)

China 5 year funding IMBER/GLOBEC programme. Hosting the Second LME India Impact of anthropogenic perturbations on oceanographic and atmospheric processes in and around India in context of global change; SIBER workshop in October Japan IMBER-JAPAN established under the Science Council of Japan (2004-), chaired by H. Saito. North West Pacific cruise has been funded for Summer New Zealand Two funded research cruises in permanently oligotrophic regions to north west of New Zealand focused on N cycling in this region Chile Currently funded COPAS programme is a contribution to IMBER France Currently funded for three years CYBER programme "CYcles Biogéochimiques, Ecosystèmes et Ressources". ( ) Netherlands Programme under development with joint IMBER /SOLAS cruise planned Germany Planning for new programme for 2007 Spain Developing a co-sponsored proposal with The Netherlands for a “Deep-water Oceanography” project. Holding a Spanish IMBER symposium in March UK Plans for IMBER contribution in new funding round 2007 USA A new “Ocean Carbon Biogeochemistry” group has been formed in 2006 IMBER National Activities

IMBER Synthesis and Modeling Framework IMBER will work with CLIVAR and GODAE to construct integrated marine biogeochemical and ecosystem models and to facilitate information transfer among models. Development of Earth System modules will be undertaken in IGBP’s AIMES project and in the WCRP IMBER will use multi-model ensembles to deal with the inherent uncertainties. Model hierarchy will include: diagnostic models for hindcasts and nowcasts; prognostic models for ocean forecasting; spatial coverage from global to regional; coupling and/or nesting schemes (e.g., open-ocean–ocean- margin coupling and benthic-pelagic interactions); temporal coverage from synoptic events, decadal, to global change. By assimilating the point measurements, hydrographic data and satellite data into basin-scale models, observations will be put in a basin-scale perspective leading to improved estimates of the ocean state.

IMBER Synthesis and Modeling Framework Interconnected databases: systematic data mining for decadal scale; synchronised palaeo-proxies for millenial scale; new observations from sustained observing system in cooperation with GOOS. Data assimilation into biogeochemical and ecosystem models. New mathematical and conceptual approaches to quantify and model biodiversity, trophic interactions and the impacts of global change on food web dynamics and human dimensions. A full synthesis of IMBER research will be critical to the overall success of the project. The IMBER SSC needs to play a leading role in this synthesis. This will require the development of a synthesis framework early in the project to enable effective interaction between the SSC, the IMBER working groups and national and regional programmes.