English 3—October 1, 2015 Daily Warm-up: Read the biography of Patrick Henry and answer the following questions. 1. Who is Patrick Henry, and why is he a significant figure in American History? 2. What were some of the jobs he pursued prior to becoming a lawyer? 3. What influenced Patrick Henry’s speaking style? 4. What were the issues of that time that Patrick Henry spoke about in his speeches? 5. Where and when did Patrick Henry give his most famous speech? 6. What became of Patrick Henry after the American Revolution began? 7. What elements made Patrick Henry an effective public speaker? Homework: Reading Plus due Sunday at 11:59. Study for Lesson 9 Vocabulary quiz tomorrow.

The Structure of Argument A. The claim acknowledges the point of the argument. B. The support uses logical reasoning, relevant evidence, and accurate and credible sources. It also demonstrates an understanding of the topic. C. The counterclaim acknowledges the opposing point of view and offers reasons and evidence that reject the counterclaim. D. The concluding statement offers a call to action that asks audience members to change their minds or actions to support the claim.

Rhetorical Devices We saw rhetorical devices such as parallel sentence structure, alliteration, and anaphora in Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address. Look for the following rhetorical devices in Patrick Henry’s speech: Aphorism is a short statement expressing an opinion or general truth. “Sir, we have done everything that could be done, to avert the storm which is now coming on.” Allusion is a reference made to a well-known person, event, or place from history, music, art, or another literary work. Look for references to mythology and the Bible in Henry’s speech. Analogy is a comparison between two things for the purpose of drawing conclusions on one based on its similarities to the other. Metaphor: Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss. This metaphor suggests that the colonists have been betrayed by Britain the way Jesus was betrayed by Judas in the Bible. Metaphor: “They are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so long forging.” Henry states that the way Britain is treating them is the way a slave would be treated. Metaphor: “Sir, we have done everything that could be done, to avert the storm which is now coming on.” Henry compares the oncoming battle to a storm. Rhetorical questions are questions that are asked for effect or ones for which the answer is obvious. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? Have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled that force must be called in to win back our love?

Speech to the Virginia Convention Speaker: Patrick Henry—an American Revolution era speaker. He was opposed to British rule over the colonies. Occasion: Patrick Henry gave this speech at the Virginia Convention prior to the Revolutionary war. The British military was sailing towards the colonies and many of the colonists were preparing to fight. Audience: The men in the Virginia Convention who were interested in making peace rather than taking up arms against the British Army. Purpose: Patrick Henry was trying to convince the Virginia colonists to take up arms and fight with the other colonists. Subject: Defending the colonies against the British army. Tone: His tone is serious, firm, indignant, etc.

Structure of Henry’s Argument As a group, analyze Henry’s speech for the following elements. Highlight where you find each element in the text, and answer the following questions on a sheet of paper. 1. Provide a brief summary of the main point of each paragraph (1-6) 2. What is his claim (a position statement that asserts an idea or makes an argument for a specific position)? 3. What support does he have for his claim? 4. What are the counterclaims (a position taken by someone with an opposing viewpoint)? How does he refute them? 5. What conclusion does he come to and what is his call to action (a restatement of the claim and what the speaker wants the audience to do)? 6. What are two powerful rhetorical devices he uses in his speech? Name them and write the example from the text. 7. Two examples of parallel structure, and two examples of anaphora.

Planning Your Persuasive Speech SOAPSTone Your plan Speaker: What is your role as the speaker in this piece (concerned citizen, student)? Occasion: What is the occasion that informs your writing (the circumstances prompting this piece)? Audience: Who is your target audience? Purpose: What do you hope to accomplish with this speech? Subject: What is the topic of your essay? Tone: What is your attitude towards the subject or the issue? How will your diction convey that attitude?

Outline for Your Persuasive Speech Claim—What is your claim or thesis for your speech? Support—What support will you provide for your argument? Counterclaim—What would your opposition have to say, and how will you refute their claims? Conclusion—How will you conclude your speech and what will be your call to action? What two rhetorical devices will you include in your speech (metaphor, allusion, rhetorical questions, imagery)? Give examples.