Hydrogen Economy

Hydrogen economy 1 The hydrogen economy is a proposed system of delivering energy using hydrogen. The term hydrogen economy was coined by John Bockris during a talk he gave in 1970 at General Motors (GM) Technical Center. The concept was proposed earlier by geneticist J.B.S. Haldane.

Hydrogen economy - Rationale 1 A hydrogen economy was proposed by the University of Michigan to solve some of the negative effects of using hydrocarbon fuels where the carbon is released to the atmosphere. Modern interest in the hydrogen economy can generally be traced to a 1970 technical report by Lawrence W. Jones of the University of Michigan.

Hydrogen economy - Rationale 1 Proponents of a world-scale hydrogen economy argue that hydrogen can be an environmentally cleaner source of energy to end-users, particularly in transportation applications, without release of pollutants (such as particulate matter) or carbon dioxide at the point of end use

Hydrogen economy - Storage 1 The storage of large quantities of hydrogen underground can function as grid energy storage which is essential for the hydrogen economy

Hydrogen economy - A key tradeoff: centralized vs. distributed production 1 In a future full hydrogen economy, primary energy sources and feedstock would be used to produce hydrogen gas as stored energy for use in various sectors of the economy. Producing hydrogen from primary energy sources other than coal, oil, and natural gas, would result in lower production of the greenhouse gases characteristic of the combustion of these fossil energy resources.

Hydrogen economy - A key tradeoff: centralized vs. distributed production 1 One key feature of a hydrogen economy would be that in Mobile Applications (primarily vehicular transport) energy generation and use could be decoupled

Hydrogen economy - A key tradeoff: centralized vs. distributed production 1 While generating hydrogen at centralized primary energy plants promises higher hydrogen production efficiency, difficulties in high-volume, long range hydrogen transportation (due to factors such as hydrogen damage and the ease of hydrogen diffusion through solid materials) makes electrical energy distribution attractive within a hydrogen economy

Hydrogen economy - A key tradeoff: centralized vs. distributed production 1 The proper balance between hydrogen distribution and long-distance electrical distribution is one of the primary questions that arises about the hydrogen economy.

Hydrogen economy - Distributed electrolysis 1 The distributed production of hydrogen in this fashion would be expected to generate air emissions of pollutants and carbon dioxide at various points in the supply chain, e.g., electrolysis, transportation and storage. Such externalities as pollution must be weighed against the potential advantages of a hydrogen economy.

Hydrogen economy - Fuel cells as alternative to internal combustion 1 issued a report that stated: "The dream of a hydrogen economy..

Hydrogen economy - Fuel cells as alternative to internal combustion 1 Much of the interest in the hydrogen economy concept is focused on the use of fuel cells to power electric cars

Hydrogen economy - Efficiency as an automotive fuel 1 A comprehensive study of hydrogen in transportation applications has found that "there are major hurdles on the path to achieving the vision of the hydrogen economy; the path will not be simple or straightforward"

Hydrogen economy - Hydrogen safety 1 Codes and standards have repeatedly been identified as a major institutional barrier to deploying hydrogen technologies and developing a hydrogen economy. To enable the commercialization of hydrogen in consumer products, new model building codes and equipment and other technical standards are developed and recognized by federal, state, and local governments.

Hydrogen economy - Costs 1 Setting up a hydrogen economy would require huge investments in the infrastructure to store and distribute hydrogen to vehicles

Hydrogen economy - Examples and pilot programs 1 Iceland has committed to becoming the world's first hydrogen economy by the year Iceland is in a unique position. Presently, it imports all the petroleum products necessary to power its automobiles and fishing fleet. Iceland has large geothermal resources, so much that the local price of electricity actually is lower than the price of the hydrocarbons that could be used to produce that electricity.

Hydrogen economy - Examples and pilot programs 1 A pilot project demonstrating a hydrogen economy is operational on the Norwegian island of Utsira

Hydrogen economy - Hydrogen production of greenhouse-neutral alcohol 1 Hydrogen in a full "hydrogen economy" was initially suggested as a way to make renewable energy, in non-polluting form, available to automobiles

Hydrogen economy - Further reading 1 Jeremy Rifkin (2002). The Hydrogen Economy. Penguin Putnam Inc. ISBN

Hydrogen economy - Further reading 1 James Howard Kunstler (2006). The LONG EMERGENCY. Grove Press. ISBN Hydrogen economy = "laughable a fantasy" p

Hydrogen economy - Further reading 1 F. Kreith; West, Ron (2004). "Fallacies of a Hydrogen Economy: A Critical Analysis of Hydrogen Production and Utilization". Journal of Energy Resources Technology 126 (4): 249–257. doi: /

Hydrogen economy - Further reading 1 National Research Council (2004). The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. National Academy Press. This book is available online in full text: "The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs". Books.nap.edu.

Hydrogen economy - Further reading 1 T. K. Tromp; Shia, RL; Allen, M; Eiler, JM; Yung, YL (2003). "Potential Environmental Impact of a Hydrogen Economy on the Stratosphere". Science 300 (5626): 1740– doi: /science PMID

Sulfur-iodine cycle - Hydrogen economy 1 The sulfur-iodine cycle has been proposed as a way to supply hydrogen for a Hydrogen economy|hydrogen-based economy. With an efficiency of around 50% it is more efficient than electrolysis, and it does not require hydrocarbons like current methods of steam reforming but requires heat from combustion, nuclear reactions, or solar heat concentrators.

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