1 CHAPTER 4 Data Warehousing, Access, Analysis, Mining, and Visualization

2 Outline n Data warehousing, Access, Analysis and Visualization n The Nature and Sources of Data n Data collection, Problems, and Quality n The internet and Commercial Database Services n Data Management Systems in DSS n Database Organization and Structures Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

3 資料倉儲化 (Data Warehousing), 存取 (Access), 分 析 (Analysis) 及視訊化 (Visualization) What to do with all the data that organizations collect, store, and use? (Information overload!) Solution n Data warehousing n Data access n Data mining n Online analytical processing (OLAP) n Data visualization n Data sources (GIGO) Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

4 資料的性質及來源 n Data: 原始資料 ( 文字、圖形、聲音、影像 ) ，未經 編制 n Information: 經過編制、傳達有意義的訊息 n Knowledge: 經過組織、處理資料項目，以傳達心 得、經驗、累積的學習及專門知識 n Internal n External n Personal Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

5 資料蒐集與資料問題、品質 n 資料蒐集 sensors, time studies, video cameras n 資料問題 (Table 4.1) n 資料品質 : determines usefulness of data – 資料適切性 :Contextual data quality – 資料本質 :Intrinsic data quality – 資料存取 :Accessibility data quality – 資料的陳列 :Representation data quality Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

6 資料倉儲中之資料品質的衡量 n Uniformity -uniformity checks ensure that the data are within specified limits n Version -ensures that the format of the original data has not been changed n Completeness check -ensures that the summaries are correct and all value needed to create the summary are included n Conformity check -correlations are run between the value reported and pervious values for the same number n Genealogy check (drill down) -a trace back to the data source through its various tranformations Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

7 網際網路及商業資料庫服務 For external data n The Internet: major supplier of external data n Commercial Data Banks: sell access to specialized databases Can add external data to the MSS in a timely manner and at a reasonable cost Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

8 網際網路及商業資料庫服務 Website 與 Database 的整合 n DBMS : Access vital information by employees and customers n Implement executive information systems (EIS) n Implement group support systems (GSS) n Database management systems provide data in HTML, on Web servers directly --DBMS vendors: Informix, Oracle, Sybase --Web site and database integration suppliers: Spider tech., Hart Software Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

9 DSS 的資料庫管理系統 n DBMS: Software program for entering (or adding) information into a database; updating, deleting, manipulating, storing, and retrieving information n A DBMS + modeling language to develop DSS n DBMS to handle LARGE amounts of information Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

10 資料庫的組織與結構 n Relational databases n Hierarchical databases n Network databases n Object-oriented databases n Multimedia-based databases n Document-based databases n Intelligent databases Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ