 Think in terms of what we have seen so far in the evolution of land plants.  1. What has had to change in order to move away from water?  2. What do you think will happen next?

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 There are four major classes  Coniferophyta – largest remaining – pine trees  Cycadophyta - Cycads – very similar to ferns.  Ginkgophyta – One remaining species  Gnetophyta – about 70 species.

 Scientific name Ginkgo biloba  Considered a living fossil – species is about 270 million years old.  Thought to have been common in disturbed environments (succession)

 Ephedra – members of this genus make ephedrin  Welwitschia mirabelis (another single species)  Many woody climbing plants in tropics or sub tropics.

 Most are tropical or sub tropical unless moved here – indoor plants.  Very similar to ferns  Reproductive structure similar to cones.  Not Palm Trees.

 Should be much more familiar.  One of the dominant types of trees in the northwest.  What kinds of conifers can you name?