Overview of the Human Motion Introduction to Exercise Science Lenonardo Da Vinci: Vitruve Luc Viatour

Introduction Definition of life in animals –Metabolism –Reproduction –Movement The Science of Human Movement –Involves a lot of different scientific areas

Emergence of a Scientific Discipline Two or more discipline may be effective their joint knowledge than by working as independent scientific areas

BiologyChemistryGeologyPhysics Biochemistry Geophysics PsychologyNeurologyimmunology Psychoneuroimmunology

Exercise Science and Related Disciplines Exercise science owes its origins to several different parent disciplines. In turn, Exercise Science is composed of several disciplines

Mathematics Physics EngineeringBiology Chemistry Physiology Psychology Parent Disciplines EXERCISE SCIENCE Sub-disciplines Exercise physiology and Biochemistry Biomechanics Exercise and Sport Psychology Motor Learning and Control Sports Medicine

The Scopes of Exercise Science Is comprised of sub-disciplines areas of focused study –Exercise Physiology Is concerned with how the physiologic systems respond to human movement –Biomechanics The physical principles that underlie human motion –Motor learn and Control How movement is so exquisitely controlled –Exercise and Sport Psychology Scientific study of psychologic issues in human behavior related to movement

Attributes of Science A collection of data from experiments and observations OBJECTIVITY !! most important Research method must a logical and systematic method of analysis so that the observations made are trustworthy, reliable, and based on fact.

Truth in Exercise Science Testimonial approach Tenacity –e.g. Superstitions Knowledge of authority Rationalistic method If each of above approaches that serve to convey information about exercise science are problematic

Testimonial approach

Tenacity

Knowledge of authority

Rationalistic method

The Scientific Method ObservationHypothesisExperimentTheory Revision The scientific method is a frequently used procedure for advancing knowledge in exercise science

Syllogism

The Statistical Approach is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.

Basic versus Applied Research Knowledge vs. utilization Same important to Know and to Do Complementary and interaction Make performance effective, economic, and less change to injury Gene expression and muscle training?

The Research Continuum BasicResearch ContinuumApplied Mathematician formula of muscle Contraction Exercise Biochemist Optimal temp. to activate enzyme Basic Exer. Physiologist Testing contracting speed of muscle fiber Applied Exer. Physiologist Deciding muscle’s synergy during pole vault Applied Sport Scientist Deciding how much muscle strength training

Movement at Every Level Elite Athletes –Improving and optimizing performance P.E. –Organization of fitness and teaching normal children and adults how to achieve and maintain physical fitness Frail elderly patients or with physically or cognitively challenged children and adults –Improving their involvement with movement activity

SubnormalNormalSupernormal Multiple- handicapped participant Injured Participant “Weekend” athlete Occasional athletic competitor Elite Athlete The Performance Continuum

Animal Research in Exercise Science YearsResearcherAnimalsFounds 1922HillFrog O2 and La in Muscle 1923 Banting & McLeod Dog, hare, fish Found insulin and diabetic pathology 1924EinthovenCanine Mechanism of EKG 1932SherringtonCat Function of neuron and nervous reflexive loop 1953KrebsPigeon Energy metabolism 1954TheorellHorse Metabolism of oxidize enzyme 1964 Block & Lynen Rats Metabolism of cholesterol and fatty acid 1968EvartsMonkey Function of neuron in motor cortex 1979CormackPigCAT 1990MurrayDog Organ transplantation

Discussion Can you identify that the disciplines and/or sub-disciplines you will use in your master study. What is you opinion upon the argument of basic vs. applied research in sport science. Can you compare the strength and weakness in an use of experimental subject in your research ( e.g. human vs. animal)