Bridges AIM

Some Uses of Bridges Walkways Highways/Roads Railways Pipelines Connecting lands Crossing rivers and canyons

Types of Bridges Arch Truss Cantilever Cable-Stayed Suspension

What makes a bridge stay up? Forces Compression – a pushing or squeezing force Tension – a pulling or stretching force Demonstration Make groups of two…

Arch Bridges Keystone – the wedge-shaped stone of an arch that locks its parts together Abutments – the structures that support the ends of the bridge

Arch Bridges Works by Compression

Arch Bridges Where have you seen these bridges?

Cold Spring Arch Bridge, Santa Barbara, CA

Marsh Rainbow Arch, Riverton, KS

Pont du Gard, Nimes, France

Cable-Stayed Bridges Piers – the vertical supporting structures Cables – thick steel ropes from which the decking is suspended Decking – the supported roadway on a bridge

Cable-Stayed Bridges Works by Tension AND Compression

Cable-Stayed Bridges Where have you seen these bridges?

Zakim Bridge, Boston, MA

Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Tampa, FL

Sundial Bridge, Redding, CA

Suspension Bridges Similar to Cable-Stayed Different construction method

Suspension Bridges Works by Tension and Compression

Suspension Bridges Where have you seen these bridges?

Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, CA

Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn, NY

Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, New York, NY

Other Types Truss Southern Pacific Railroad Bridge, Tempe, AZ Cantilever Firth of Forth-Forth Rail Bridge, Edinburgh, Scotland

Engineering Engineering – the use of math and science to solve real world problems (like crossing a river) They come up with creative & practical solutions to technical problems. Use math & science, such as: physics, geometry, chemistry & algebra 1.6 million jobs in the USA. Top degrees in college making top salaries upon graduating Civil Engineer

5 Major Branches of Engineering Mechanical – design mechanical systems, such as engines, tools, machines and moving parts. Electrical – design electrical equipment, systems, & electronic products. Chemical – design processes for mixing chemicals. Using science to convert raw materials & chemicals in to things people can use, such as food & energy products. Computer – design technology, such as computer hardware and software. Civil – Designs & builds bridges, buildings, dams, highways, & tunnels.

Branches of Civil Engineering Called the “Mother of all engineering branches. It is the oldest area. Structural – bridges, roads, buildings Geotechnical – foundations, excavations, and tunnels Transportation – roads, traffic control, airports Environmental – human impact on the environment

Engineering Jobs http://educatingengineers.com/career-specialties Surveyor – someone who uses math to measure the earth’s surfaces. Architect – someone who designs large structures & provides advice on construction. Computer - Computer Engineers develop and improve the software programs and hardware that make computers run. Aerospace - is the study of the design, development, and production of air and spacecraft. Agricultural Engineer- is also known as biological engineering, and it covers subjects from aquaculture (raising food sources that thrive in water), to land farming and forestry. Petroleum - specialize in designing and developing technology and methods for digging the earth’s surface to extract oil and gas.

The Engineering Design Process Identify the Problem Brainstorm possible solutions Design & Draw a Plan Create & Build a prototype or model Experiment & Test it Evaluate it Redesign & Improve it

Vocabulary Force – a push or pull Loads – forces that make things move or change positions. Arch – a curved structure in the shape of a U or upside down. Structure – a bridge, tunnel, building or object built from different parts. Innovation – a new product or way of doing something. Natural Resource – something made from nature: water, stone, or wood Manmade – something made by humans like plastic or glass. Evolve – to change or develop slowly over time Modification – a change Trial and error – trying first one things, then another and another until something works.

Engineering Tools Level – a tool madewith atubs that holds liquid with an air bubble. Used to measure horizontal plane. Plane – a flat or level surface Protractor – a semicircle instrument used to measure and construct angles.

Questions?