ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 1 Welcome to Ethics.

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Presentation transcript:

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 1 Welcome to Ethics

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. CHAPTER 1 Welcome to Ethics The fundamental question in ethics is, How should people behave? In many situations, people act (or choose not to act) to avoid negative consequences. But what about decisions in which no choice is illegal, and no choice will lead to any particular problems for the decision maker? If a person has a genuine free choice, what principles should guide his or her actions? CHAPTER 1 Slide 2

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. CHAPTER 1 Objectives Identify common ethical principles and sources of ethical beliefs. Distinguish among etiquette, law, and ethics. Slide 3 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. CHAPTER 1 Key Terms and Concepts ethical principles relativism legalism authority culture morality intuition reason standard of etiquette standard of law standard of ethics Slide 4 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. What Is Ethics All About? Ethical principles are general statements of how people should or should not act. These principles are often the reasons behind a person’s actions, thoughts, and beliefs. Some ethical principles are frequently described as universal, meaning that rational people thinking logically would have to agree that everyone should follow them. Slide 5 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Golden Rule A popular universal ethical principle is known as the golden rule—you should treat others as you would want to be treated. Slide 6 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Common Ethical Principles People should: Respect the rights of others. Keep their promises. Be honest. Take responsibility for their actions. Act in the best interests of others. Help others in need when possible. Be fair. Slide 7 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Do Right and Wrong Exist? Some people argue that they are mere social inventions created to control people’s behavior. Others assert that they are little more than emotional reactions or social agreements. Slide 8 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Criticisms of Ethics Relativism is the belief that because ethical values vary so widely, there can be no universal ethical principles that apply to everyone. Legalism is the belief that because there are laws and policies to cover issues of right and wrong, ethics is irrelevant. Slide 9 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Sources of Ethical Beliefs Ethical beliefs come from a variety of sources. Lessons taught at home, in school, or in religious training Individual life experiences Messages that society sends through television, music, magazines, and books Slide 10 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Sources of Ethical Beliefs Most people tend to identify one or more of the following sources: Authority Culture Intuition Reason Slide 11 CHAPTER 1 Continued from previous slide

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Authority According to the authority approach, an action is right or wrong because someone important said so. This way of thinking is often seen in religious ethics, but other moral authorities in history have included political leaders (for example, monarchs). Slide 12 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Culture Culture refers to the idea that the morality of an action depends on the beliefs of one’s culture or nation. Morality refers to that part of human behavior that can be evaluated in terms of right and wrong. This approach says that cultures and nations, like individuals, have different values and principles based on their different experiences and histories. A belief that works well for one culture may be harmful for another. Slide 13 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Intuition Intuition is the idea that principles of right and wrong have been built into a person’s conscience and that he or she will know what is right by listening to that “little voice” within. This reliance on intuition is very common. People often seem to know instinctively whether actions are right or wrong. Slide 14 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Reason Reason refers to the idea that consistent, logical thinking should be the primary tool used in making ethical decisions. With the appeal to reason, an action is not wrong just because an authority says so, just because it is unpopular within a culture, or just because someone’s inner voice warns against it. Instead, this approach suggests that a person look open-mindedly at the arguments on both sides of an issue and then use reason to carefully choose the stronger arguments. Slide 15 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Standards A standard, or norm, is an accepted level of behavior to which people are expected to conform. All standards involve some kind of expectation. The level may be set low (a minimum standard), in the middle (an average standard), or very high (a standard of excellence). Slide 16 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Standards of Behavior People’s actions can be evaluated according to many standards. Three of the most common standards of behavior: Standards of etiquette Standards of law Standards of ethics Slide 17 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Etiquette The standard of etiquette refers to expectations concerning manners or social graces. Societies and cultures have their own rules of etiquette that their members are expected to meet. Slide 18 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Etiquette Most people understand their social etiquette standards and try to live up to them. Many rules are not written down. Violations can result in embarrassment. Etiquette also reduces social friction and makes it easier for people to live together as a community. Slide 19 CHAPTER 1 Continued from previous slide

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Difference Between the Standards of Etiquette and Ethics That difference is seriousness. The issues covered by the standard of etiquette are not as serious as those that pertain to ethics. CHAPTER 1 Slide 20

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Law The standard of law has to do with rules of behavior imposed on people by governments. Like ethics, this legal standard can be serious, too. Many laws deal with life-and-death issues, including rules forbidding murder, drunken driving, drug use, and child abuse. Slide 21 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Difference Between Legal and Ethical Standards People must follow legal standards or face specific negative consequences. Slide 22 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Ethics The standard of ethics refers to social expectations of people’s moral behavior. The ethical principles and rules making up this standard are made valid by the reasons and arguments supporting them. For ethical statements to be valid, they must make logical sense. Slide 23 CHAPTER 1

ETHICS in the WORKPLACE © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Difference Between Legal and Ethical Standards Legal standards (based on authority) may change as authorities change. Ethical standards (based on reason) change only when new information causes people’s thinking about the standards to change. Slide 24 CHAPTER 1