 Standard WHI.5 › Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:  Assessing the influence of geography on Greek economic, social, and political development, including the impact of Greek commerce and colonies  Essential Question › How did the mountains, sea, islands, harbors, peninsulas, and straights of the Aegean Basin shape Greek economic, social, and political development and patterns of trade and colonization?

 Sea › Shaped Greek Civilization › 1,400 islands › Access to the sea links Greek trade, travel, and economics to other countries › Liquid highways › Became skilled sailors › Trade important because Greece had little natural resources  Masters of the sea

 Land › Rugged mountains cover 3/4ths of Ancient Greece › Made overland travel, trade, and political unity difficult › Led to development of city- states  Difficult communication  Creation of Polis (city-state) › Lack of resources led to expansion (war)  Little farmland  Impacted agriculture  Little fresh water

 Climate › Mild climate  40 degrees in Winter  80 degrees in Summer › Encouraged outdoor civic and cultural life  Sports, Olympics  Discussion  Political, economic  Theater  Trade  Took place in Agora (marketplace)

Geographic FeaturesEffects Sea Land Climate

 Based on the island of Crete, named after Minos.  First Minoans were farmers who emigrated from Asia Minor.  Characteristics: › Palace Cities › Extensive trade networks with Egypt and Mesopotamia › Sophisticated artwork  Rulers lived in a palace at Knossos.

 Rooms for royal family and religious shrines. › Covered with beautiful frescoes.  Reflect importance of sea and religion.  Centered on ruler, which was reflected in layout. › King’s palace was always at center.  Served as political, economic, and cultural focal point.  Most important palace in Crete.

 Trade flourished due to its favorable geographic position. › Traded with Egypt – cultural diffusion  Cultural influences and important raw materials came from Egypt and Mesopotamia.  Evidence of metalworking.  Developed commercial and urban life.  Cultivated vines and olive orchards to produce wine and olive oil.

 Indo-Europeans  2000 B.C.E.  Location › Steep, rocky ridge › Surrounded by protective wall  Could withstand almost any attack › Warrior-king  Lots of weapons found at Mycenaean sites › Controlled trade in Aegean and Ionian Seas

 Culture and Trade › Luxurious lifestyle for nobles and Kings  Strong culture led by wealthy warrior-Kings › Buried with treasures › Bronze weapons, gold cups › Invaded Crete and other nearby cities › Cultural diffusion  Minoan sailing  Minoan writing system  art

 Trojan War › 1200 B.C.E. › 10 year war with Troy (Anatolia) › Legend of Helen › Thought to be fictional › 1870 C.E. Heinrich Schliemann finds Troy › Struggle over waterways and trade

 Dorians › Mycenaean civilization collapsed after war › Moved into war-torn countryside › Spoke Greek › Far less advanced than Mycenaean's › Economy collapsed › Writing stopped from B.C.E.  Period of decline

 Period of 750 to 600 B.C.E = intense population growth  Colonization expanded from Black Sea to across Mediterranean  Led to expansion of trade › Greek merchants sold wine and olive oil  Money economy replaced traditional barter system › Swapping goods for one another

 Standard WHI.5 › Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:  Assessing the influence of geography on Greek economic, social, and political development, including the impact of Greek commerce and colonies  Essential Question › How did the mountains, sea, islands, harbors, peninsulas, and straights of the Aegean Basin shape Greek economic, social, and political development and patterns of trade and colonization?

 City-States › Athens › Sparta › Mycenae › Knossos  Landmass › Asia (minor)  Seas › Aegean › Ionian › Mediterranean › Black