Please write down the questions and answer them. 1. Explain why the hippocampus is important for memory. 2. Give three examples of mnemonic devices. Your graded FRQs are in the out-box

 DMA  Review FRQ info  Memory  Flashbulb, feats, encoding, forgetting, etc… Homework: Chapter 9 test – Monday, Sept. 12 th Chapter 9 notes due – Monday, Sept. 12 th DMAs due Friday Chapter 9 review session – Friday, Sept. 9 th at 7:00 AM

 Write your answer in the order of the question!  Example: the question asks you about spacing effect, semantic encoding and rehearsal…  1 st paragraph – spacing effect  2 nd paragraph – semantic encoding  3 rd paragraph – rehearsal

 Be specific!  If you are applying rehearsal…  Bad answer – “I would use rehearsal to help learn vocabulary words”  Good answer – “I could use the technique of rehearsal while studying details such as names and definitions. By using repetition, I will be able to better encode the information and attach meaning to it. Some examples of this include using flashcards and quizzing myself over and over again.”

 On the chapter test…  1 FRQ  1/3 of your test grade  Will be one of the practice FRQs  Practice FRQs  Receive list at beginning of chapter  Each question/answer is worth 10 points.  Answer must be a complete draft (not missing any parts of the question)  Answer must use the TDA method  Answer must demonstrate all the FRQ techniques discussed in class.

 Long-Term Memory  the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system

External events Sensory memory Short-term memory Long-term memory Sensory input Attention to important or novel information Encoding Retrieving

Encoding EffortfulAutomatic

Automatic Processing  unconscious encoding of incidental information  space  time  frequency  well-learned information  word meanings  we can learn automatic processing

 Effortful Processing  requires attention and conscious effort  Rehearsal  conscious repetition of information  to maintain it in consciousness  to encode it for storage

 Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables  TUV ZOF GEK WAV  the more times practiced on Day 1, the fewer repetitions to relearn on Day 2  Spacing Effect  distributed practice yields better long- term retention than massed practice  How can you use this info to your benefit?

How it works….  Wheeler will turn off the lights, get comfortable, take a few deep breaths & close your eyes.  Wheeler will read a list of words to you  Just listen – don’t write anything down.

12 Percentage of words recalled Position of word in list Serial Position Effect-- tendency to recall best the last items in a list

 Semantic Encoding  encoding of meaning  including meaning of words  Acoustic Encoding  encoding of sound  especially sound of words  Visual Encoding  encoding of picture images

 Imagery  mental pictures  a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding  Mnemonics  memory aids  especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Steps  Listen to the list of letters (don’t write anything down!)  When the list is done – write down as many of the letters (in the correct order) as you can.

 Chunking  organizing items into familiar, manageable units  like horizontal organization  often occurs automatically  use of acronyms  HOMES--Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior  ARITHMETIC--A Rat In Tom’s House Might Eat Tom’s Ice Cream

 Organized information is more easily recalled

 Hierarchies  complex information broken down into broad concepts and further subdivided into categories and subcategories Encoding (automatic or effortful) Imagery (visual Encoding) Meaning (semantic Encoding) Organization ChunksHierarchies

 Iconic Memory  a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli  a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more that a few tenths of a second  Echoic Memory  momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

 Amnesia--the loss of memory  Explicit Memory  memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare  also called declarative memory  hippocampus--neural center in limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage  Implicit Memory  retention independent of conscious recollection  also called procedural memory

 Clive Wearing Clive Wearing  Worst case of memory loss known.

Reconnect with your group… 1. Discuss when and where you are going to meet to study for Monday’s test. 2. Huddle-up the desks and begin reviewing Chapter 9.