NEUROLOGICAL BASES OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE

PowerPoint Outline:** I. Introduction II. Components of the central nervous system III. Cerebellum IV. Cerebrum V. Lobes of the brain VI. Brain functions: left and right hemispheres VII. Language comprehension VIII. Language production IX. Working memory

I. INTRODUCTION** Neuroscience focuses on two aspects of the central nervous system: 1. Neuronanatomy, or where structures are located 2. Neurophysiology, or HOW the brain functions

Neurolinguistics is: ** The study of the neuroanatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of language We will examine the main structures of the central nervous system that are involved in language processing

II. COMPONENTS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Neurons

B. Central Nervous System

C. Peripheral Nervous System

III. CEREBELLUM (part of CNS)

The cerebellum helps monitor:

IV. CEREBRUM** Largest portion of your brain, accounting for 40% of its weight Divided into left and right hemispheres

The prefrontal cortex is very important

V. LOBES OF THE BRAIN** FPOT The brain has 4 lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal FPOT

The frontal lobe’s main function:

The parietal lobe’s main function:

The occipital lobe’s main function:

The temporal lobe’s main function:

VI. BRAIN FUNCTIONS: LEFT AND RIGHT HEMISPHERES** The left and right hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum Special functions are usually lateralized toward one hemisphere

Other views of the corpus callosum:

A. Right Hemisphere—Dominant for:

A child with right hemisphere damage would have trouble understanding why this was funny

B. Left Hemisphere—Dominant for:

VII. LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION

Heschl’s gyrus and surrounding areas…

Linguistic input is further separated….

Right brain—paralinguistic input Left brain—linguistic input

VIII. LANGUAGE PRODUCTION** Broca’s area programs the motor strip for speech movements Wernicke’s area is involved in the production of written and spoken language Connected by the arcuate fasciculus

IX. WORKING MEMORY (WM)

Working memory is essential in:** Acquisition of complex academic skills Acquisition of vocabulary and literacy skills

Working memory is absolutely crucial to success in school**

Today we’ve covered a lot!

PowerPoint Outline:** I. Introduction II. Components of the central nervous system III. Cerebellum IV. Cerebrum V. Lobes of the brain VI. Brain functions: left and right hemispheres VII. Language comprehension VIII. Language production IX. Working memory