Ch 5, Sec 3: Alexander the Great
Objectives Understand how the Peloponnesian War allowed outside invaders to take over Greece. Explain how an outsider of Greece became it’s biggest supporter for expansion. Debate the controversy of the title of “Alexander the Great” when it comes to this historical figure.
Post Peloponnesian War Problems for Greek City-states Delian League was gone = no protection Small populations Farms destroyed Greek citizens left for Persia
Rise of King Philip II of Macedonia in Greece Took power in 359 B.C. Loved Greek culture Wanted to defeat the Persian Empire – Needed to join Macedonia/Greece together to accomplish his goal Attacked the divided Greek city-states one at a time/bribed others to join him between B.C.
Rise of Alexander in Greece Alexander was Philip’s son Philip II-assassinated in 336 B.C. Trained as a soldier from foot soldier to commander of the army at age 16 Influenced in early childhood by Greek culture – Taught by Aristotle Took over as king at 20 years old
Alexander at the Battle of Thebes Thebes, a Greek-city state, fought Alexander but lost Alexander slaughtered over 10,000 men and sold over 20,000 women/children into slavery He Scared other city-states into following him
War Path of Alexander Took 40,000 troops into Asia Minor to defeat the Persian troops in former Greek colonies in 334 B.C. Took over Syria, Egypt, Persia, and parts of land in today’s India and Pakistan between B.C. (all of which were under Persian control) Burned down capitals, palaces, and whole towns He never lost a battle
End of Alexander’s Life Troops were tired of being away from home after 8 years – Refused to fight any longer – Didn’t trust him (drinking/culture changes) Alexander forced to retreat to Macedonia in 326 B.C. He refused to send troops home by boat Walked through the deserts of Iran Died from Typhoid Fever at 32 on the way home
Legacy of Alexander from B.C. Part I Merged 3 cultures together (Greek, Macedonian, and Persian) Spread Greek influence over Asia, Europe, and Africa Increased trade Created Alexandria – 57 cities with same name
Legacy of Alexander from B.C. Part II Military tactics are still studied today Allowed captured cultures to rule themselves if they promised to support him Start of the Hellenistic era – Made new areas “like the Greeks
You be the Judge Use your notes, p in the textbook, and the articles I have provided to make up your own decision. Was Alexander the Great a Villain or a Hero? Step 1: Use the t-chart to take notes supporting each side Step 2: Decide if he was a Villain or a Hero Step 3: Write a Eulogy describing his life supporting your ideas from Step 2.
Sources Journey Across Time Textbook /alexander_the_great.shtml /alexander_the_great.shtml history/alexander-the-great history/alexander-the-great the-great the-great