4G / LTE NETWORK OVERVIEW Based on LTE crash course, Oct 2015 Cisco Live 2014 4/26/2017 4G / LTE NETWORK OVERVIEW Based on LTE crash course, Oct 2015

4G/LTE LTE Core Network LTE E-UTRAN + RF Standard Practice in lab Cisco Live 2014 4/26/2017 4G/LTE Mobile Network evolution 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G/LTE LTE Core Network LTE E-UTRAN + RF Standard Practice in lab

Cisco Live 2014 4/26/2017 3

4/26/2017 Missing: Where does voice call go?

eNodeB vendors Big vendors: Ericsson, Huawei, ZTE, Lucent-Alcatel, Nokia. Picocell: NSN, airspan, public wireless, Femtocell network extender: samsung Module: common agility

LTE network end to end in lab ethernet QVPC: MME + SGW + PGW eNodeB LTE ethernet UCS ethernet IR829 (UE) wifi WEB Server

Cisco Live 2014 4/26/2017 Scott Baxter

BACKUP SLIDES

Mobile Network Evolution

PSTN Cisco Live 2014 Circuit Switch, hierarchical topology 4/26/2017 PSTN Circuit Switch, hierarchical topology SS7 Network: STP, SCP, SSP Main market players: Lucent, Nortel, Ericsson, Alcatel, Simens.

PLMN Cisco Live 2014 Circuit Switch SS7 Network: MSC, HLR, VLR 4/26/2017 PLMN Circuit Switch SS7 Network: MSC, HLR, VLR BTS, BSC Main market players: Lucent, Nortel, Ericsson, Alcatel, Motorola, Huawei

Mobile Network Evolution Cisco Live 2014 4/26/2017 Mobile Network Evolution 1G: Analog radio for voice communication. 2G: Started years ago with GSM, TDMA, CDMA: mainly voice 2.5G: Adding Packet Services: GPRS, EDGE 3G: Adding Air interface UMTS/WCDMA 3G Architecture: Support of 2G/2.5G and 3G access 3G extensions: HSDPA/HSUPA, IP Multimedia Subsystems 4G and beyond: Long Term Evolution (LTE), System Architecture Evolution (SAE): Evolved Packet Core (EPC) + Evolved Packet System (EPS)

4/26/2017 Cisco Live 2014

Cisco Live 2014 4/26/2017 (2G) TDMA

Cisco Live 2014 4/26/2017 (2G) CDMA Air interface is CDMA, core-network is IS-136 Overall structure is same as GSM

GSM network with GPRS (2.5G) Cisco Live 2014 4/26/2017 GSM network with GPRS (2.5G)

CDMA 2000 Network Architecture (2.5G) Cisco Live 2014 4/26/2017 CDMA 2000 Network Architecture (2.5G)

UMTS/WCDMA network Architecture (3G) 4/26/2017 UMTS/WCDMA network Architecture (3G)

LTE Network Architecture (4G)

4/26/2017 Missing: Where does voice call go?

LTE Core Network

LTE Core Network: EPC

LTE EPC protocols:

Protocol stacks around MME S1, S3, S6a, S11

Protocol stack around SGW: S1-U, S4, S5/8, S12

Protocol stack around PGW: S5/8. S6b, SGI, Gn/Gp

Cisco ASR5X000 (through Starent acquisition)

LTE E-UTRAN + RF

eNodeB vendors Big vendors: Ericsson, Huawei, ZTE, Lucent-Alcatel, Nokia. Picocell: NSN, airspan, public wireless, Femtocell network extender: samsung Module: common agility

LTE Air Interface: Radio Spectrum Most Cellular signals are in the 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz frequency bands.

IPhone 6: supported frequency (www.apple.com) Apple’s iPhone 6 (Models A1549 and A1586) and iPhone 6 Plus (Models A1522 and A1524) both support four-band GSM, five-band CDMA2000, five-band UMTS (with HSPA+42 support), and sixteen LTE FDD bands (with support for up to 150Mbps of download speeds). The quad-band GSM and pent-band UMTS provide complete global coverage for GSM and UMTS/HSPA+ networks all over the world. The five CDMA2000 bands enable coverage on all CDMA carriers in the US (who use ESMR, Cellular 850MHz, AWS 1.7+2.1 GHz, and PCS 1.9GHz for CDMA), as well as KDDI in Japan (who use Cellular 850MHz and IMT 2.1GHz for CDMA) and China Telecom in China (who use Cellular 850MHz for CDMA). These bands are the same as the American Sprint model for the iPhone 5S and 5C.  For LTE FDD, the iPhones support a full mix of bands for every region. LTE bands 1 (IMT 2.1GHz), 3 (DCS 1.8GHz), 5 (Cellular 850MHz), 7 (IMT-E 2.6GHz FDD), 8 (Cellular 900MHz), 20 (EU 800MHz), and 28 (APT 700MHz) are supported to provide the full range of access to LTE FDD networks throughout Europe, Asia, and Brazil. LTE bands 2 (PCS A-F blocks 1.9GHz), 4 (AWS-1 1.7+2.1GHz), 5 (Cellular 850MHz), 7 (IMT-E 2.6GHz FDD), 13 (US Upper 700MHz C block), 17 (US Lower 700MHz B+C blocks), 25 (PCS A-G blocks 1.9GHz), 26 (ESMR+Cellular 850MHz), 28 (APT 700MHz), and 29 (US Lower 700MHz Supplemental Downlink) offer nearly full access to LTE FDD networks throughout the Americas. Japanese LTE bands 18 (ESMR+Cellular 850MHz subset) and 19 (Cellular 850MHz subset) are intended to enable KDDI and NTT DoCoMo’s low-band networks, while band 28 sits in the wings for future 700MHz LTE network rollouts by KDDI, DoCoMo, and SoftBank.

LG Optimus: (http://www.gsmarena.com/lg_optimus_g_e975-4941.php)

LTE subcarrier

LTE Modulation

One Resource Block max throughtput: 6*2*7*12 = 1.008mbps 64QAM: 6 bits; One Slot time: 0.5 ms; One slot: 7 OFDM Symbols

4/26/2017 MIMO: different signals on the same frequency, signal is modulated with different phase and amplitude. The receiver side gets reference phase and amplitude signal from sender to de-modulate the received signal.

LTE Standard: 3GPP

What is 5G? Core network: EPC has been all IP, and should be not much big change infrastructure side. Maybe more applications as time moves on. Air Interface: higher speed. Modulation: 64 QAM, 128 QAM, 256 QAM MIMO More wide bandwidth

LTE Play in lab

Quantum virtualized Packet Core (QvPC) QvPC family: QvPC-SI: Single Instance (formally SSI) QvPC-DI: Distributed Instance (formally SCALE) QvPC-HI: Hybrid Instance (formally Hybrid) Environment: CPU X86 hardware Hypervisors (qualified) Vmware ESXi Ubuntu KVM Hardware (qualified) UCS B, C & E series Pass-through support (17.0 FCS): VIC 1240 (B series) & 1225 (C series) + HP 6161

Virtualized Software Architecture: SWdecoupled from HW Single operating system StarOS Field proven software & decoupled from hardware Modular and virtualized OS ASR 5000 ASR 5500 Virtualized Packet Core Hardware Platforms Performance & Scalability Natural extension to Virtualization ASR5K PSC2 ASR5K PSC3 Virtualized QvPC-SI QvPC-DI ASR5500 DPC ASR5500 DPC2 Software functions work across multimedia core platforms. Cellular: MME, SGW, PGW, SGSN, GGSN, PDSN, HA, PCEF SmallCell: eWAG, ePDG, SaMOG, HNBGW, HeNBGW, ANDSF Inline Services: ECS, FW, NAT, Application Detection, …. Many functions run on a single platform (purpose build or virtualized) Cisco ASR 5000 Series Multimedia Core Platforms 6262

LTE network end to end in lab ethernet QVPC: MME + SGW + PGW eNodeB LTE ethernet UCS ethernet IR829 (UE) wifi WEB Server

MME+SGW+PGW running with KVM in ubuntu 14.04