There Will Be Wolves A Historical Perspective

The Middle Ages People lived in small farming communities No modern technology – no electricity, running water Very rigid class system – most of the population was quite poor Towns were composed of taverns, small businesses, a church, and houses

Cities / towns were built near a water source such as a river

Towns were very crowded on market days

Setting: Cologne

Cologne Cathedral

Punishments Trial by ordeal Capital punishment: physical punishments – Ie. Stealing: first time: lose a finger Second time: lose a hand Third time: lose your life

Capital Punishment

Medicine Believed that illness was the result of evil spirits in the blood Bleeding was a common cure to disease Medicine was herbal – teas, poultices Very superstitious – For example, the woman who believes Ursala has cursed her unborn child

Apothecary Basically a pharmacist Also fulfilled the role of doctor, and sometimes dentist

Typical stores selling wares

Medieval Apothecary

Plants provided ingredients for potions

Tools for crushing leaves to make medicine

Trade Guilds A young man could become an apprentice to a Master craftsman When he learned the trade he would become a Master – he could join the guild – he could have his own apprentice The guild was like a union – controlled prices and wages

Stone Mason

Medieval Churches

Architecture Low buildings Thick walls Few windows Took years to build

Old style of church

Modern Cathedral

Pilgrimage A journey to a place of religious significance Usually done as a form of penance or renewal The crusades were a type of pilgrimage to the holy lands

Crusades Christians travelled to the holy lands to free them from the Muslims Many innocents were killed Did not behave well along the journey – often stole from the towns along the way Very dangerous

Pilgrimage