Unit 2 Lesson 5 Roots of Imperialism 11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the 20 th century

Vocab 1.Imperialism 2.Extractive economy 3.Alfred T Mahan 4.Social Darwinism 5.Frederick J. Turner 6.Matthew Perry 7.Queen Liliuokalani 8.Jose Marti 9.William Randolph Hearst 10.Yellow Press 11.Jingoism 12.Rough Riders 13.Treaty of Paris

Focus Question 1 Examine the effects of American Imperialism in the Pacific and South America.

FOCUS QUESTION 2 Examine the causes of Imperialism. What are the benefits to imperialism? What are the negative consequences? GIVE EXAMPLES AND BE SPECIFIC!!!

Focus Question 3 What did the Panama Canal connect? Why was it built? What did the American Government do when the Columbian Government told them they could not build a canal?

FOCUS QUESTION 4 Compare and Contrast Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy to the Roosevelt Corollary.

Americans Late to the Game What was left over from European Imperialism Americans could go after? Policy which strong nations extended their political, military, and economic control over weaker territories What to they want? Raw materials and natural resources Tea, rubber, iron, petroleum new markets

Causes 1.U.S. Policy makers believe the United States needed new markets for its goods 2.White Man’s Burden – the U. S. had a duty to spread its superior institutions to less civilized peoples. – Spreading Christianity 3.Social Darwinism – strong nations were destined by natural law to dominate weak ones. 4.Increased sea power – The Influence of Sea Power Upon History Alfred Mahan – a strong navy was the key to becoming a great nation, and colonies would serve as bases for such a navy.

New Markets US did not have a shortage of natural resources Had a abundance of goods Needed NEW MARKETS

Key to American success Alfred T. Mahan – Americans had to become a naval power like England – The greatest nations/ societies had powerful navies – 1900 U.S. had the most powerful navy in the world

Imperialists and Social Darwinism Imperialists around the world justified imperialism by asserting that they were socially, nationally, racially and culturally superior than other people. Social Darwinism: pple believed that superior races were destined to rule over inferior peoples and cultures

Steps to a world power 1.Pacific Matthew Perry sailed to Japan Impressed Japan opened ports to US 1867 Midway Islands 1875 and 1887 Treaties increased trade with Hawaii Gave right to build Naval Base: Pearl Harbor

2. Seward Purchases Alaska (1867) – Bought from Russia for 7.2 million – “Seward’s Folly 3. Latin America – Business men: natural place for trade and investments – Pan American Highway system

Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration. Imperialist and American nationalist. Criticized President McKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair! Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.

The Spanish American War Monroe Doctrine –Europe keep out of N. America A splendid Little War Yellow Journalism U.S.S.Maine San Juan Hill Rough Riders

First comes business… Hawaii – Americans est. sugar cane plantations – 1887 American planters convinced the king to change Hawaii’s constitutions so that voting rights were limited to only wealthy land owners… white American planters 1890s – New tariffs on duty free sugar – 1891 Queen Liliuokalani

U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii 1875 – Reciprocity Treaty 1890 – McKinley Tariff American businessmen backed an uprising against Queen Liliuokalani – American businessmen backed an uprising against Queen Liliuokalani. Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.

Then comes conquest 1893 planters overthrew the queen US Minister to Hawaii ordered Marines to over throw the rebel forces and seize power President Harrison then asked to annex Hawaii, but senate did not approve before next election Grover Cleveland ordered an investigation

CA business wanted Hawaii CA had close ties with planters 1897 new president William McKinley favored annexation 1898 after Spanish-American War Congress proclaimed Hawaii an official US territory

Big Stick Diplomacy Teddy Roosevelt (Rough Rider who became President) – Roosevelt Corollary Added to the Monroe Doctrine “Policeman of the Western Hemisphere” Intervene in the internal affairs of Latin America

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905 The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905 Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power power.

Big Stick Diplomacy Con’t Protect United States interests in the Caribbean region The US could use force to prevent Europe from interfering in the Western Hemisphere

Panama Canal Con’t Teddy Roosevelt – ”I took the Canal and let Congress debate.” – Theodore Roosevelt a Presidential action that achieved a foreign policy objective Opposition – they opposed Roosevelt’s involvement in the Panamanian “revolution”

The Open Door Policy Secretary John Hay. Give all nations equal access to trade in China. Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.

Dollar Diplomacy William Taft – “Dollar Diplomacy” supplanted the “Big Stick Diplomacy” – It supported a policy of giving financial assistance to Latin American countries in order to make them our allies

Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” Improve financial opportunities for American businesses. Use private capital to further U. S. interests overseas. Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.

Dollar Diplomacy Con’t – “Substitution dollars for bullets” Using foreign policy to protect Wall Street dollars invested abroad (esp. Far East/China)

Gentleman’s Agreement: 1908 A Japanese note agreeing to deny passports to laborers entering the U.S. Japan recognized the U.S. right to exclude Japanese immigrants holding passports issued by other countries. The U.S. government got the school board of San Francisco to rescind their order to segregate Asians in separate schools.

Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1912 Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. Non-European powers, like Japan, would be excluded from owning territory in the Western Hemisphere.

America as a Pacific Power

The Cares of a Growing Family

Constable of the World

The Great White Fleet: 1907

The Mexican Revolution: 1910s Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico and puts Madero in prison where he was murdered. Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought against Huerta. The U.S. also got involved by occupying Veracruz and Huerta fled the country. Eventually Carranza would gain power in Mexico.

Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” The U. S. should be the conscience of the world. Spread democracy. Promote peace. Condemn colonialism.

Moral Diplomacy Woodrow Wilson A policy that made the US the conscience of the world He hoped to – Spread democracy – Condemn colonialism – Promote peace.

Moral Diplomacy cont’ Hated imperialism – He eventually invaded more countries in Latin America than any other president in U.S. history Nicaragua Haiti Dominican Republic – To protect U.S. lives and property in those countries

Moral Diplomacy cont’ Mexican Revolution – Intervened with the U.S. military Supported democracy in Mexico Attempt to capture Pancho Villa