The Era of Good Feelings  Marked by spirit of nationalism, optimism, & goodwill  Republicans dominated politics  “Good feelings” actually a misnomer  Debates over tariffs, the national bank, internal improvements, & public land sales  Slavery  Republican party would soon split in two

Era of Good Feelings President James Monroe Easily won 1816 & 1820 elections over Federalist opponents Notable events: Acquisition of Florida Missouri Compromise Monroe Doctrine Cultural Nationalism American writers & artists Gilbert Stuart, Charles Willson Peale, & John Trumball Parson Mason Weems, Noah Webster,

Era of Good Feelings Economic Nationalism Tariff of 1816 Henry Clay’s American System − Protective tariffs − National bank − Internal improvements Tariff & bank passed Monroe thought internal improvements unconstitutional

Panic of 1819 First major financial panic since Constitution First major financial panic since Constitution Caused when 2 nd Bank of the U.S. tightened credit to control inflation Caused when 2 nd Bank of the U.S. tightened credit to control inflation –State banks closed –Value of money deflated –Increased unemployment, bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt West hurt the worst due to land speculation West hurt the worst due to land speculation –Bank foreclosures –Nationalist beliefs were shaken –Westerners called for land reform & opposition to national bank

Political Parties Federalists Federalists –Failed to adapt to changing needs of nation Opposed War of 1812 Opposed War of 1812 Hartford Convention Hartford Convention Soundly defeated in Election of 1816 Soundly defeated in Election of 1816 –No candidate in Election of 1820

Political Parties Republican Party Republican Party –Party began dividing due to changing times –Some members clung to old ideals Limited government Limited government Strict interpretation Strict interpretation –Most Republicans adopted former Federalist programs Large army & navy Large army & navy Second National Bank Second National Bank –Some Republicans flip-flopped on issues John C. Calhoun from War Hawk nationalist to states’ rights advocate John C. Calhoun from War Hawk nationalist to states’ rights advocate

The Marshall Court John Marshall John Marshall Appointed in 1800 by John Adams Appointed in 1800 by John Adams Consistently favored strong central government & rights of property Consistently favored strong central government & rights of property Marbury v. Madison (1803) Marbury v. Madison (1803) Established principal of judicial review Established principal of judicial review Fletcher v. Peck (1810) Fletcher v. Peck (1810) States cannot pass legislation invalidating contracts States cannot pass legislation invalidating contracts First time state law ruled unconstitutional First time state law ruled unconstitutional

The Marshall Court Martin v. Hunter’s Lease (1816) Martin v. Hunter’s Lease (1816) Established that Supreme Court had jurisdiction over state courts involving constitutional rights Established that Supreme Court had jurisdiction over state courts involving constitutional rights Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) Contract for a private corporation cannot be altered by a state Contract for a private corporation cannot be altered by a state McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Federal government had implied power to create national bank Federal government had implied power to create national bank States cannot tax federal institutions States cannot tax federal institutions Federal laws supreme over state laws Federal laws supreme over state laws

The Marshall Court Cohens v. Virginia (1821) Cohens v. Virginia (1821) Supreme Court can review a state court’s decision involving any of the powers of the federal government Supreme Court can review a state court’s decision involving any of the powers of the federal government Gibbons v. Ogden (1821) Gibbons v. Ogden (1821) Established the federal government’s broad control of interstate commerce Established the federal government’s broad control of interstate commerce