All but which of the following were aspects of 17th century American Puritanism? (A) an emphasis on education (B) a thrifty, hard-working, and family-oriented population (C) the enactment of the Halfway Covenant in congregations (D) the persecution and/or banishment of those speaking publicly in ways displeasing to Puritan authorities (E) a strong presence throughout the colonies, from New England in the north to the Carolinas in the south ________________________________________ Answer: (E) a strong presence throughout the colonies, from New England in the north to the Carolinas in the south "A Fair Puritan" by E. Percy Moran (Image Source: Library of Congress) Explanation: Puritan settlers followed soon after the Pilgrim Separatists who established the Plymouth Colony. Seeking religious freedom, they sought to create a "City Upon a Hill" in a Puritan theocracy. Their geographic presence was limited to New England, but their impact on American values and attitudes was enormous.

Puritans sought to ban the celebration of Christmas, among other things they found sinful All but which of the following are true of the Puritans who settled in 17th century New England? A) they believed in predestination B) they felt forgiveness for sins came only through the priest and the confessional booth C) they rejected ornate cathedral-type architecture for their churches D) they followed the theology of John Calvin E) they favored simple worship with no instrumental music Answer: B) they felt forgiveness for sins came only through the priest and the confessional booth Explanation: Puritans came to New England in large numbers in the second third of the 17th century. They brought a simple style of worship and church architecture, and a belief in Calvinist theology including election and predestination. They rejected many aspects of Roman Catholicism, including obedience to the Pope, the Latin mass, and the confessional booth. The Reformation concept of the priesthood of all believers was an important contributing element to the development of American democratic thinking.

Roger Williams Religious and political dissident Roger Williams A) held no positions in Massachusetts churches before his banishment B) established the colony of Connecticut with like-minded refugees from Massachusetts Bay Colony C) offended the Puritan authorities with his recommendation that confessional booths be placed in churches D) was convicted of sedition and heresy by a Massachusetts General Court E) felt that religious and political authority were inseparable Answer: D) was convicted of sedition and heresy by a Massachusetts General Court Explanation: Roger Williams' opposition to the political and religious authorities in Massachusetts Bay Colony resulted in his trial, conviction, and banishment from the colony. He moved with followers to Rhode Island and purchased land there from Indians. Williams was an early proponent of the concept of the separation of church and state, an idea that is eventually formalized in the First Amendment.

Anne Hutchinson & Roger Williams  The response of the Puritan authorities to Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams is explained by  ( A) the desire to suppress challenges to the Puritan leadership  (B) political pressure by members of the House of Commons  (C) the support for individualistic thinking as an outgrowth of the Reformation concept of the priesthood of all believers  (D) the strong Puritan commitment to forgiveness and reconciliation  (E) the fear of the influence of witchcraft on settlers, particularly young girls Explanation: Hutchinson and Williams were both banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for challenging the political and religious authorities. Hutchinson was tried and convicted of a number of charges, such as accusing Puritan ministers of not preaching a gospel of grace and of conducting religious discussions in her home with men present. Williams was convicted of heresy and sedition and promoting "diverse, new, and dangerous opinions." One of the grand ironies of the Puritans was their intolerance of dissenting views while at the same time seeking religious freedom. Answer: (A) the desire to suppress challenges to the Puritan leadership

 Charter vs. Royal Colony  Puritanism (Separatists) (Pilgrims)  Elect vs. Damned (Predestination) internal light, salvation  Puritan Family  Husband’s Authority  Hierarchy Society  John Winthrop vs. Roger Williams Common Good vs. Individuality importance of “Good Works”  Hutchinson’s View of Salvation was God’s direct gift Covenant of Works vs. Covenant of Grace  Terms to know Sedition, Heresy, Antinomianism and Politics? John Winthrop Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson

 What events have happened before 1637 which could have had an influence on the trial?  What did Anne Hutchinson do that was considered a threat to the Puritan Community?  Explain the difference between a “Covenant of Works” vs. “Covenant of Grace”  Why do you think Gov. Winthrop put Hutchinson on trial?  Based on the trial, what can be learned about Puritan culture?  How did her trial affect the region’s religious culture?  Was there anything in this trial, either stated or implied, that tells us about the politics of the relations between Mass. Bay and outsiders?