INTRODUCTION TO CHROMATOGRAPHY DR. Harrizul Rivai, m.s.

What is chromatography ?  Based on word “chroma” and “graphein” it mean of color and write  Analysis separation method  principle of difference rate of migration sample compound through stationary phase upon mobile phase. 2 Harrizul Rivai

Chromatography Stationary Phase Mobile Phase Solid or liquid Gas or liquid In form of envolving 3 Harrizul Rivai

Technical Terms in Chromatography :  Stationary phase Liquid or solid which can absorb or hold substance of sample  Mobile phase Gas or liquid to move out the substance in sample  Elution Separation process of the components in sample 4 Harrizul Rivai

Technical Terms in Chromatography  Retention time Time needed by analit through the chromatograph system  Chromatogram Picture of chromatography result in form of peak or spot 5 Harrizul Rivai

 Molecules tend to solve in liquid  Molecules tend to stick on the surface of solid  Molecules tend to react each other Trends in chromatography: 6 Harrizul Rivai

Separated component should be  Soluble in stationary phase  Has ability to interact with the stationary phase by dissolved, adsorbed or chemical reaction. 7 Harrizul Rivai

Usage of separation result :  Identification (Qualitative analysis )  Content determination (Quantitative analysis )  Purification of substance (Preparative process) 8 Harrizul Rivai

Advantages of Chromatography :  Small amount sample (semi macro or micro)  Selective, especially for multi component organic substance  Separation process is brief, easy, accurate and precise. 9 Harrizul Rivai

Chromatography Classification : 1.Based on rate of migration mechanism : adsorption, ion exchange, molecule filtering (exclusion) 2.Based on equipment used : paper, thin layer, column 3.Based on stationary and mobile phase used : gas-liquid, gas-solid, liquid- liquid, liquid-solid. 4.Based on development procedure : frontal analysis, approximation and elusion. 10 Harrizul Rivai

Types of Chromatography and supporting material TypeStationary phaseMobile phaseSupporting Material PaperWaterAcid or base/ organic substance Paper Thin layerWaterAcid or base/ organic substance Thin layer SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 ColumnWaterAcid or base/ organic substance SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 in column Liquid-Gas (GLC/GC) Non volatile organic solvent Gas (N 2 or H 2 )Polymer SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 Ion exchangeActive part of resin (anion/cation) Reagent /solutionResin Adsorption Liquid-Solid / Gas- Solid Activated Al 2 O 3, SiO 2 Gas, organic complexing agent Molecule Filtration/ exclusion Liquid solvent, gasSolid filter silicate, porous gel 11 Harrizul Rivai