Cloning and Genetic Engineering

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
B1.6 Variation Inheritance Cloning plants Types of reproduction Genetic and environmental differences Genetic engineering Cloning animals.
Advertisements

Welcome to modern plant cloning Unlike the old fashioned way of cloning a plant, which involved taking a cutting and encouraging it to turn into a new.
11.6 revision Variation and genetics. Inheritance 1.Differences can be c………………………… (e.g. height) 2.or d…………………………… (e.g. blood group, ear lobes) 3.They.
1.7 Genetic Variation Define variation:
Cloning and types of reproduction B1.7.2 Friday 9 th January 2015.
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
Objective: Understand the Applications of Genetic Engineering New Words: Transgenic Organisms, GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms)
Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineers can alter the DNA code of living organisms. Selective Breeding Recombinant DNA Transgenic Organisms Cloning Selective.
Asexual & Sexual Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction  Type of reproduction in which a new organism is produced from ONE parent and the offspring is identical.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Cloning & Genetic Engineering
Why might scientists want to change the DNA of a species? (lab) Genetic Code Kit.
DO NOW (front of notes) What do genes code for?
HOW CAN WE MAKE DRUGS IN THE FUTURE?. Three main methods Microorganisms Plants Animals.
13–1Changing the Living World A.Selective Breeding 1.Hybridization 2.Inbreeding B.Increasing Variation 1.Producing New Kinds of Bacteria 2.Producing New.
Genetic Engineering Regular Biology. Selective Breeding  This is the process of allowing those organisms with specific characteristics to reproduce 
HEREDITY AND REPRODUCTION. GENETICS Genetics is the study of heredity, or the passing of traits from parents to offspring. Traits are the physical characteristics.
AQA GCSE Science & Additional Science Biology 1 Topic 7 Hodder Education Revision Lessons Genetic variation and its control Click to continue.
Cloning.
Genetic Techniques. Activity 1: Genetic Techniques Directions: Using the information from the PowerPoint, fill out the charts in your guided notes. You.
Genetic Engineering. What is genetic engineering? Definition: process of changing an organism’s genetic material to produce a new and useful result This.
Cell Transformation, Transgenic Organisms & Cloning
Cell Division and Reproducing New Organisms Science 9.
Ch. 13 RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING.
Objectives Define a clone. Outline a technique for cloning using differentiated animal cells. Discuss the ethical issues of therapeutic cloning in humans.
Genetic Engineering Conceptual Biology Ch. 5.3.
Reproductive Technologies in Agriculture BC Science Probe 9 Section 3.5 Pages
DNA, Genes and Adult cell cloning
Chapter 13: sec. 4 Genetic Engineering.
9.4 Genetic Engineering KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the DNA sequences of organisms.
 Stem Cells and Cloning. Stem Cells  Stem Cell: a cell that can continuously divide and differentiate into various tissues  Two Types:  Multipotent:
GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) ORGANISMS Recombinant DNA technology is producing new genetic varieties of plants and animals Use Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium.
B1b 6 Variation 6.3 Cloning.
Two types of Cloning:.
Genetic Engineering Manipulating genes outside of the organisms’ normal process.
9/28 warm-up What is asexual reproduction What is sexual reproduction
Genetic engineering Lesson Objectives Genetic engineering involves changing the genetic material of an organism Genes can be transferred from one organism.
Genetic Engineering Chapter 15 in Textbook. Selective Breeding Selective Breeding: allowing only those organisms with desired characteristics to reproduce.
Genetic Engineering Applications. Using your knowledge of genetic engineering, explain how the plant and dog glow. A firefly’s gene (for the enzyme luciferase)
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering: a sequence of DNA (gene) from one organism is: identified, cut and removed.
Aim: What are some applications of Genetic Engineering? Genetic Engineering is a process that is used to the alter the genetic instructions in organisms.
This PowerPoint file contains the Plenary for this chapter in Biology For You. Most of these slides are paired with a corresponding slide in the PowerPoint.
GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES (GENETIC ENGINEERING). CLONING What: Making an exact genetic copy of an organism Why: Medicine, Stem Cells, Farming, Endangered Species.
Therapeutic uses of cells and genetic engineering
Applications of Genetic Engineering
Aim: What are some applications of Genetic Engineering?
Biotechnology Genetic Engineering.
XX XX XY XY Biology 6: Inheritance, Variation, Evolution
XX XX XY XY Biology 6: Inheritance, Variation, Evolution
EDEXCEL GCSE NATURAL SELECTION AND GENETIC MODIFICATION PART 2
BIOTECHNOLOGY (Genetic Engineering, Cloning, Artificial Selection)
New Genes For Old Part 2.
AQA GCSE INHERITANCE VARIATION AND EVOLUTION PART 3
13-4 Applications of Genetic Engineering
1.7 Genetic Variation Define variation:
Genetic and environmental differences
Aim: How can we change DNA to do what we want?
Aim: What are some applications of Genetic Engineering?
The genetic information that results in plants and animals having similar characteristics to their parents is carried by genes, which are passed on in.
KEY CONCEPT DNA sequences of organisms can be changed.
Putting the Pieces Together
Activity 1 Genetic Techniques.
Applications of Genetic Engineering
Advances in Genetics.
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
Genetic Engineering.
XX XX XY XY Biology 6: Inheritance, Variation, Evolution
Biotechnology.
Presentation transcript:

Cloning and Genetic Engineering Learning Objectives: Explain cloning. Explain genetic engineering. Analyse the advantages and disadvantages of cloning and genetic engineering.

Cloning Clone = an individual produced through asexual reproduction that is genetically identical to the parent

Cloning in Plants Cutting = technique to clone plants by cutting a piece of the plant and re-growing it into a new plant that is genetically identical to the original, a form of asexual reproduction.

Cloning in Plants Tissue culture = more modern method of cloning plants by mixing plant hormones with a small group of plant cells. This produces a large mass of identical plant cells that grow into individual plants. Advantages: can create thousands of plants from a small sample Can create plants with the exact characteristics you want Disadvantage More expensive

Cloning in Animals Embryo cloning = method of cloning an embryo to produce genetically identical animals Common in cow farming. Easy to do as embryos rapidly divide. Give a cow fertility drugs to produce many eggs. Fertilise the eggs with sperm. Embryos that form are gently washed out of the womb. Divide the embryos into individual cells. Each cell grows into individual embryos that are genetically identical. Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction

Cloning in Animals Adult cell cloning = technique to produce offspring that are genetically identical to an adult “parent” Nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell. Remove the nucleus from the body cell of animal you want to clone. This nucleus is then inserted into the empty egg cell. Use an electric shock on the cell to force it to divide. The cell forms an embryo that is genetically identical to the body cell. The embryo is implanted into a surrogate mother to carry out the pregnancy.

Advantages: Animals with desirable characteristics can be produced. Could save animals from extinction. Could be medically useful. Disadvantages: Expensive Unreliable Reduces variety, populations with less variety are less able to survive changing environments. Ethical problems with human cloning.

Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering = changing the genetic material of an organism Cut a gene out of the DNA of an organism using enzymes. Cut a plasmid of bacterial DNA. Insert the gene into the plasmid of bacterial DNA. Insert the plasmid with the new gene into bacterium. The bacterium reproduces to form many. The bacteria produce the product of the new gene.

Genetic Engineering Advantages: Can be used to make proteins from other organisms on a large scale. Can be used to produce medicines. Can be used to produce organisms with specific characteristics. Disadvantages Still new, may be unknown long term side effects. GM crops can mix with the wild population and reduce variety.

Uses of Genetic Engineering Bacteria can be genetically modified to produce insulin. Rice can be GM to contain more vitamins. Plants can be GM to be resistant to insects, disease, or temperature. Crops that can grow faster. Glow in the dark rats.